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Yıl:2006; Cilt: 2; Sayı: 12>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi Psikiyatri; 2006;2(12):52-63
Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu
T Aker, P Önen
Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri ABD, KOCAELİ
Travmatik yaşam olaylarının ruh sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerine dair çok geniş bir literatür bulunmaktadır. Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (TSSB), bir psikiyatrik tanı kategorisi olarak 20 yıl önce tanımlanmış ve bu süreçte tanı ölçütlerinde çeşitli değişikliklere uğramıştır. Travmatik bir olaya maruz kalanların yaklaşık %5-12'si TSSB geliştirmektedir ve bu kişilerin çoğunda diğer psikiyatrik hastalıklar TSSB'ye eşlik etmektedir. Belli travma tipleri ve travma sonrası çevre ve yaşam koşullarının, klinik tablonun ciddiyetinde etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Demografik özellikler, kişilik özellikleri ve önceki ruh sağlığı da TSSB gelişiminde önemli risk faktörleridir. Bu yazıda, tanı kategorisinin tarihsel gelişimi, hastalığın epidemiyoloji ve etiyolojisi ve yatkınlık faktörleri, son literatür ışığında tartışılacaktır. Ayrıca, TSSB tedavisinde kullanılan farmakolojik tedavi yöntemleri sunulacaktır. Ampirik olarak geçerliliği kanıtlanmış ve ruhsal travma alanında en yaygın kullanılan psikoterapi metodu olan bilişsel-davranışçı yaklaşım üzerinde durulacaktır.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
There is extensive literature on negative effects of traumatic life events on mental health. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was defined as a psychiatric diagnostic category in last 20 [year]s and diagnostic criteria for PTSD has been undergone some modifications during this time. Approximately %5—12 of people who were exposed to traumatic event develops PTSD and most of the patients with PTSD also have other comorbid psychiatric disorders. It is known that, some types of traumatic events and post trauma environmental factors have an effect on the severity of the psychological damage. Demographic features, personality characteristics and pre-trauma psychological health are also important risk factors for developing PTSD. In this paper, historical development of diagnostic category, epidemiology and etiology of the disorder and vulnerability factors will be discussed in the light of current literature. Furthermore, pharmacological methods in the treatment of PTSD will be presented. The most widely used empirically validated psychotherapy method, which is cognitive-behavioral therapy will be discussed.

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