Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2006; Cilt: 17; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2006;17(3):223-229
Psikoterapi Sürecinde Rüyaların İletişim İşlevi
GK İlal
İstanbul Ü Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fak. Psikiyatri AD, Konsültasyon-Liyezon BD., İstanbul
Uyku bilincin ortadan kalkması değildir; “değişmiş bir bilinç durumu”dur. Rüyada ortaya çıkanlar aslında “ön bilinç”te hazır bulunan malzemedir. Bu malzeme serbest çağrışımda da ortaya çıkar. Ancak, uyanıklık halindeki serbest çağrışımda bunlar REM düşlerinden daha tutarlı bir biçimlilik halindedirler. Rüyalarda ön bilinçte parçalanmış halde bulunan malzeme, iç ve/veya dış uyaranların etkisiyle yeniden birleştirilerek anımsanırlar. Uyanıklık halindeki serbest çağrışımda da olan budur ama, uyanıklıkta daha düzgün biçimde sunulurlar. İç veya dış engellemeler nedeniyle serbest çağrışımla kolay dile getirilemeyen malzeme rüyalarda daha kolay belirir. Psikanaliz uygulamalarında, analitik malzeme olabilecek duygularını, düşüncelerini ve yaşantılarını doğrudan iletmede zorlanan hastaların rüyaları aracılığıyla ilettikleri bilgiler terapi ortamında hastayla sözel bir iletişim kurmayı başlatırken, hem analitik malzeme kaynağı olarak, hem de terapi sürecini ilerletmede uygun bir işlem olarak kullanılabilirler. Bu olay bir vaka örneği ile belirtilmiştir.

Yaşantılarını, duygularını ve çatışmalarını sözel olarak doğrudan anlatmada zorlanan hasta, psikoterapi sürecinin başlangıcında rüyalarını daha kolay anlatabiliyordu. Bu rüyalarda sunulan malzeme aracılığıyla hasta ile doğrudan sözel iletişimin yolu açılabildiği gibi sorunlarının ve ruhsal karmaşalarının yüzeye çıkartılarak işlenmesi kolaylaşmış, tedavi sürecinin ilerleyişi de izlenebilmiştir.
Communicative Function of Dreams in the Therapeutic Process
Sleep is not a loss of consciousness, but an altered state of consciousness. What appears in the dream is preconscious and ready to move into consciousness. This material may be manifested also during free association. The difference between free association and REM dreaming is that the preconscious material is presented in response to internal and/or external stimuli in a more coherent form during free associations, whereas during a REM dream, the material of daily experiences and perceptions that are fragmented in the preconscious are recombined in a less coherent form. The material that cannot be easily expressed during free association in the wakeful state, due to inner or external inhibition, appear in dreams and thus, find an easier way of expression. The dreams of patients who have difficulty directly expressing their thoughts, feelings, and experiences serve as a useful means of communication during the initial stage of therapy and provide valuable analytic material to help the progress of the psychoanalytic treatment. This phenomenon is described with a case presentation.

The very inhibited patient who could not openly express her life experiences, emotions, and conflicts found it easier to report her dreams at the beginning of the therapeutic process. Through the material presented from these dreams, it became possible to open the path to direct verbal communication, to work through her problems, and to monitor the progress of the therapeutic process.


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