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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 27; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2020;27(3):187-195
Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Tanılı Olgularda Prenatal ve Perinatal Özelliklerin Değerlendirilmesi: Cinsiyet Farklılığı Var Mı?
İP Yazıcı
Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) tanılı çocuklarda prenatal ve perinatal özelliklerin geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 01.01.2018-31.12.2019 tarihleri arasında kliniğimize başvurmuş, yaşları 12-72 ay arasında olan ve OSB tanısı almış olgular ile aynı zaman aralığında polikliniğimize başvurup herhangi bir nörogelişimsel bozukluk tanısı almamış olan olguların (kontrol grubu) dosya verileri geriye dönük olarak incelenmiş, pre/perinatal özellikler açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Prenatal özelliklerden; gebelik sırasında anne yaşı ve baba yaşı, anne-baba yaşı arasındaki fark, gebelik sırasında annede tıbbi hastalık varlığı, düşük tehdidi, annenin gebelikte maruz kaldığı olumsuz yaşam olayları ve gebelikte sigara/ilaç kullanımı OSB grubunda anlamlı yüksek saptanmıştır. Perinatal özellikler arasında; düşük doğum ağırlığı, preterm doğum, zor doğum öyküsü, sezaryen doğum, hipoksi/asfiksi öyküsü, kuvöz/yoğun bakım öyküsü oranı OSB grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı yüksek bulunmuştur. OSB grubunda cinsiyete göre yapılan analizlerde, prenatal etmenlerden anne ve baba yaşı, erkek OSB’lilerde kızlara göre anlamlı yüksek saptanmıştır. Perinatal etmenlerden ise; zor doğum öyküsü, hipoksi/asfiksi öyküsü ve kuvöz/yoğun bakım öyküsü yine erkek OSB’lilerde kızlara göre anlamlı yüksek saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, otizm olgularında otizm olmayan olgulara göre daha fazla prenatal ve perinatal güçlük olduğu saptanmıştır. İleri annebaba yaşı dışında, anne-baba yaşı arasındaki farkın da otizmli grupta anlamlı yüksek bulunması dikkat çekicidir. Ek olarak, bazı pre/perinatal özelliklerin, özellikle erkek otizmli olgularda anlamlı fazla olması da mevcut literatür bulgularıyla birlikte yorumlandığında araştırılmaya değer görülmektedir.
Evaluation of Prenatal and Perinatal Features in Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Is There a Gender Difference?
Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to retrospectively evaluate prenatal and perinatal features in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Materials and Methods: The data of the children who applied to our outpatient clinic between 01.01.2018 and 31.12.2019 and who were between the ages of 12 and 72 months were examined retrospectively. The children who were diagnosed with ASD and the children who were not diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorder (control group) were compared in terms of pre/perinatal features. Results: From prenatal features; maternal and paternal age during pregnancy, difference between the age of parents, maternal medical illness during pregnancy, threatened abortion, negative life events and maternal smoking/medication during pregnancy were significantly higher in children with ASD. From perinatal features; low birth weight, preterm delivery, labor difficulties, cesarean section, hypoxia/asphyxia, and incubator/intensive care history were significantly higher in ASD than in the control group. In the analysis conducted considering gender in the ASD group; maternal and paternal age, labor difficulties, hypoxia/asphyxia history and incubator/intensive care history were significantly higher in boys than in girls. Conclusion: In our study, it was found that there were more prenatal and perinatal difficulties in children with autism than in those without autism. It is noteworthy that apart from the advanced age of parents, the difference in the ages of parents was significantly higher in the group with autism. In addition, it appears to be worth investigating when interpreted in conjunction with current literature findings that some pre/ perinatal features are significantly higher in boys than in girls in ASD.

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