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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 17>> Özet
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Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2020;8(17):333-358
Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Televizyon İzleme Sıklığı ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kalıpyargıları: Ekme Kuramı Bağlamında Bir Derleme Çalışması
T Gündüz, AN Akyüz, AB Sunaş
Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara
Televizyonun yaygın kullanımı, TV’ye maruz kalmanın izleyiciler üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu kapsamda ileri sürülen en dikkat çekici yaklaşımlardan biri ise Gerbner’in (1969) geliştirdiği Ekme Kuramı’dır (Cultivation Theory). Genel olarak, TV izleme sıklığının, bireylerin gerçeklik algıları üzerindeki etkisine odaklanan kuram, TV programlarında yer alan mesajlara maruz kalma sıklığı arttıkça, bireylerin gerçek dünyaya ilişkin algılarının da sunulan mesajların içeriği yönünde şekillendiğini varsaymaktadır. Çocuk ve ergenlerde, toplumsal cinsiyet kalıpyargıları ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğine dair inançların gelişimi de onlar tarafından yaygın olarak kullanılan TV’nin “ekme” işlevinden besleniyor olabilir. Mevcut çalışmanın amacı, TV izleme sıklığı ile çocuk ya da ergenlerde toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ve cinsiyet temelli kalıpyargılar arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanan, Ekme Kuramı bağlamında gerçekleştirilmiş çalışmaları sistematik olarak derlemektir. Bu amaçla, 1960 ile 2020 yılları arasında, ilgili bağlamda yürütülmüş olan toplam 23 çalışma incelenmiş ve hem çocukların hem de ergenlerin TV izleme sıklığının artmasıyla birlikte, cinsiyet rollerine yönelik daha geleneksel inanç ve tutumlara sahip oldukları saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili yazın ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Frequency of Television Watching and Gender Stereotypes in Children and Adolescents: A Review in the Context of Cultivation Theory
Widespread use of television has brought with it the examination of the effect of exposure to TV content on its viewers. One of the most remarkable approaches put forward in this context is the Cultivation Theory developed by Gerbner (1969). The theory, which focuses on the impact of TV viewing on individuals perceptions of reality, assumes that as the frequency of exposure to messages presented in TV increases, individuals’ perceptions of the real world are shaped according to these messages. The development of gender stereotypes and beliefs in gender equality in children and adolescents may also be fed by the “cultivation” function of TV, which is widely used by them also. The aim of this study is to systematically review the studies focuses on the relationship between frequency of watching TV and children’s or adolescents’ gender-based stereotypes in the context of Cultivation Theory. A total of 23 studies conducted between 1960 and 2020 were reviewed in this context and it was determined that both children and adolescents had more traditional beliefs and attitudes about gender roles with the increase in the frequency of watching TV. Findings were discussed in the light of the relevant literature.

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