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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2018;8(1):37-45
Travma sonrası erken dönemde etkin tedaviler: Psikoterapi ve psikofarmakoloji
N Direk, Ş Yüksel
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir
Travmatik bir olay sonrası erken dönemdeki tedavilerle ilgili bilgiler, uzun dönem tedaviler ve etkinliklerine yönelik tedavilere göre daha kısıtlıdır. Buna rağmen çok sayıda psikososyal veya psikofarmakolojik yöntem erken dönemde koruma ya da tedavi amacıyla kullanılmakta ancak etkinliği üzerine pek düşünülmemektedir. Kanıt düzeyleri dikkatli biçimde incelendiğinde erken dönem müdahaleleri arasında en sık vurgulanan, erken dönemdeki temel ihtiyaçların karşılanması, güvenlik, haberleşmenin sağlanmasını da içeren psikolojik ilkyardım müdahaleleridir. Özellikle psikofarmakolojik yaklaşımlardan ya da debriefing gibi yöntemlerden kaçınılması, bu yaklaşımların travmatik süreçten ötürü uzun dönemde stresle ilişkili bozukluk gelişme riskini artırabildiği akılda tutulmalıdır. Ruh sağlığı çalışanları olarak erken dönem müdahaleleri için güncel bilginin takip edilmesi ve erken dönemde müdahale amacıyla bulundukları bölge ve ülke genelindeki örgütlenme hakkında bilgi sahibi olunması oldukça önemlidir.
Early interventions for trauma: psychotherapy and psychopharmacology
There is less known about the early interventions following a traumatic event than the long term interventions. Yet, several psychosocial or pharmacological interventions are used for treatment or prevention of stress-related disorders in the short term following a traumatic event without thinking about the level of evidence in terms of effectiveness. Psychological first aid to provide help to address the basic needs, safety and communication is the most commonly emphasized intervention in early stages if evidence is explored carefully. Pharmacological approaches and psychological debriefing should be avoided in early stages as these types of interventions may increase the risk of stress-related disorders in long term. It is important that all mental health professionals should have up-to-date information about such interventions and should know about the local and nationwide organizations working on the field.

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