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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 23; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2020;23(2):204-213
Kannabis, tıbbi kullanımı ve ilişkili politikaların topluma yansımaları
E Aldemir
Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir
Kannabis, kullanımı M.Ö. 4000’li yıllara dayanan, önemli gıda ve tekstil kaynaklarından biridir. Çinliler tarafından bir ilaç olarak kullanılmış olması, dünyanın en eski farmakopesinde yer almasına neden olmuştur. Ancak 20. Yüzyılda, kannabisten esrar elde edilmesi, kannabis tarihinde bir dönüm noktası olmuş ve sonrasında ekim alanlarının ve kullanımının sınırlandırılmasına yol açmıştır. Günümüzde ise kannabis, dünya genelinde en yaygın kullanımı olan yasa dışı maddedir. Kannabisin düzenli kullanımı; işlevsellikte bozulma, akademik performansta azalma, motivasyon kaybı, bağımlılık ve psikoz, şizofreni ve duydudurum bozuklukları gibi ruhsal hastalıklarla ilişkilidir. Öte yandan, son zamanlarda yapılan araştırmalar, kannabis kökenli ilaçların, nörolojik ve psikiyatrik bozukluklar da dahil olmak üzere pek çok tıbbi durum için terapötik potansiyel vaat ettiğini ileri sürmektedir. Bu bulgular, kannabisin tıbbi kullanımının ABD’nin bazı eyaletlerinde ve bazı Avrupa ülkelerinde yasallaşmasına neden olmuştur. Bu derlemede, kannabis kullanımı ve kullanımının tarihsel süreci, tıbbi kannabis kullanımı ve olası sonuçları ve kannabisle ilişkili politika değişikliklerinin toplum düzeyindeki yansımaları ele alınacaktır.
Cannabis, medical use and related policies reflections on society
Cannabis is one of the important food and textile resources that has been used since 4000 BC. The fact that it was used as a medicine by the Chinese caused it to be included in the oldest pharmacopoeia in the world. However, in the 20th century, marijuana production from cannabis was a turning point in cannabis history, and then led to the limitation of cultivation areas and use. Today, cannabis is the most popular illicit drug worldwide. Regular use of cannabis is associated with impaired functioning, decreased academic performance, amotivation, addiction and, psychiatric disorders like psychosis, schizophrenia and mood disorders. On the other hand, recent research proposed promising therapeutic potential of cannabis-based drugs for a wide range of medical conditions including neurological and psychiatric disorders. These findings have led to the legalization of medical use of cannabis in certain states of the United States and in certain European countries. In this review, cannabis use, the historical process of cannabis use, medical use of cannabis, possible consequences of medical use of cannabis and the reflections of cannabis-related policy changes on society will be discussed.

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