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Yıl:2005; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 47>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi Psikiyatri; 2005;1(47):65-72
Madde Bağımlılığı ve Dopaminerjik Sistem
İT Uzbay
Tıbbi Farmakoloji AD, GATA, ANKARA
Madde bağımlılığı mekanizması oldukça karmaşık bir fenomendir. Madde bağımlılığına bir çok nörotransmitterin yanısıra sosyal, psikolojik ve genetik faktörler de katkıda bulunur. Dopaminerjik sistem ve özellikle dopamin D2 reseptörleri ödüllendirme mekanizması ile ilişkisi göz önüne alındığında madde bağımlılığında özel bir öneme sahiptir. Beyin ödüllendirme sisteminin özünü anatomik olarak, ventral tegmentumdan nükleus akkumbens, amigdala, prefrontal korteks ve diğer önbeyin yapılarına projeksiyon yapan dopaminerjik nöronlar oluşturur. Beyin ödüllendirme sistemi dopaminerjik mekanizmalar aracılığı ile bağımlılığın özellikle oluşumu aşamasına bazı önemli katkılar yapmaktadır. Yakın tarihli bazı çalışmalarda, dopamin D2 reseptörlerinde, genetik zemini de olan bir dopamin bağlama yetersizliğinin özellikle alkol bağımlılığı ile ilişkili olabileceğine işaret edilmiştir. Madde bağımlılığı beyin ödüllendirme sisteminin bir hastalığı gibi görülebilir. Nitekim, bazı yazarlar madde bağımlılığını ödül eksikliği sendromu olarak tanımlamakta ve beyin ödüllendirme sistemindeki dopaminerjik aktivasyon yetersizliğinin bağımlılıktaki önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu derleme makalede, güncel literatür çerçevesinde dopaminerjik sistemin bağımlılıktaki rolü irdelenmiştir.
Substance Dependence and Dopaminergic System
Substance addiction is a phenomenon that has a complex mechanism. Besides many neurotransmitter systems, social,
psychological and genetic factors also contribute to substance addiction. Dopaminergic system, especially in dopamine D2 receptors, has specific importance in substance addiction when its relationship with reward mechanism is taken into consideration. The core of the brain reward system is dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmentum that project to the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, prefrontal cortex and other forebrain structures. Brain reward system has some important contributions to especially the formation phase of addiction by dopaminergic mechanisms. In some recent studies, it has been indicated that a dopamine binding disability which also has a genetic background to dopamine D2 receptors might be related to especially alcohol dependence. The substance addiction may be regarded as the disease of the brain reward system. Thus, some authors describe the substance addiction as a reward deficiency syndrome and they
emphasize the importance of incapable dopaminergic activation in addiction. In this review, the role of dopaminergic system in addiction has been examined in the light of current literature.

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