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Yıl:2005; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 47>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi Psikiyatri; 2005;1(47):18-27
Alkolizmde EEG ve ERP
MF Karaaslan, FÖ Orhan
Psikiyatri AD, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, KAHRAMANMARAŞ
Alkolizmin nasıl bir hastalık olduğu, etyolojisinde hangi faktörlerin rol oynadığı ve tedavisi hakkında bilgilerimiz yeterli değildir. Konuya ilişkin psikolojik ve sosyolojik yaklaşımlar yeterince açıklayıcı bulunmamaktadır. Biyolojik alanda yapılan çalışmalar da yeterli olmaktan uzaktır, ancak önemli bir bilgi birikimi oluşmuştur. Alkolizmin biyolojik yönünün araştırılmasında elektroensefalografi (EEG) ve olaya bağlı potansiyeller (ERP) non-invazif elektrofizyolojik yöntemler olarak değerli bulunmaktadır. EEG beynin spontan elektrik aktivitesini yansıtırken, ERP kognitif bir işlem sırasında ortaya çıkan aktiviteyi göstermektedir. Bu potansiyellerde fark edilen değişiklikler beyinde gelişen patolojiler hakkında fikir vermektedir. Araştırmalara alkoliklerin yanı sıra yakınları da dahil edilmiştir. Hatta ailedeki alkolik sayısına göre düşük ya da yüksek riskli olarak tanımlanmışlardır. Alkoliklerden sağlanan en yaygın bulgular EEG’de teta ve beta aktivitesinde artış, ERP P3 amplitüdünde düşüştür. Bu değişiklikler, santral sinir sisteminde (SSS) olduğu belirtilen inhibisyon-eksitasyon dengesinin bozulmasına yol açan disinhibisyon ile açıklanmakta ve bu disinhibisyonun alkolizme predispozisyon oluşturduğu hipotezini destekler bulunmaktadır. Alfa aktivitesine ilişkin bulgular tutarlı değildir. Beta aktivitesi ve P3 amplitüdündeki değişiklikler alkoliklerin yakınlarında da sık olarak gözlenmiştir. Özellikle P3 amplitüd düşmesi alkolizme yatkınlığın belirleyicisi gibi görünmektedir. Bu bilgiler alkolizmin gelişmesinde bazı biyolojik faktörlerin rol oynadığına işaret etmektedir. Ancak bunların ne oranda önemli olduğu gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalarla belirlenecektir.
EEG and ERP In Alcoholism
We do not have adequate information on the factors taking
part in the etiology of alcoholism, what sort of disease it is and on
its treatment. Psychological and sociological approaches to this
subject are not explanatory enough. Substantial information has been obtained even though studies on biological field are not sufficient. Electroencephalography (EEG) and event related potentials (ERP) as non-invasive electrophysiological methods in the investigation of
biological aspects of alcoholism are valuable. EEG reflects spontaneous electrical activity of the brain. On the other hand, ERP shows the
activity arising during a cognitive process. The changes observed in these potentials give some clues to the pathologies of the brain. The relatives of the alcoholics were also included in the studies in addition to the alcoholics themselves. Moreover, the relatives of the alcoholics were classified as high or low risk according to the number of
alcoholic family members. The most widespread findings obtained from the alcoholics are the increase in the teta and beta activity in EEG and the decrease in P3 amplitude in ERP. These changes are explained with disinhibition which causes the disruption of the inhibition-excitation balance which is stated to exist in the central nervous system. The findings are found to support the hypothesis that disinhibition provides predisposition to alcoholism. The findings related to alpha activity are not compatible. The changes in the beta activity and P3 amplitude were also frequently observed in the relatives of the alcoholics. Especially, the decrease in P3 amplitude seems to be a marker of the predisposition to alcoholism. These data point out that some biological factors have a role in the development of alcoholism. However, how important those factors are will be discovered by future studies.

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