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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 57; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2020;57(1):23-26
İdiyopatik İntrakraniyal Hipertansiyon; Etiyolojik Faktörler, Klinik Bulgular ve Prognoz
A Keskin, F İdiman , D Kaya, B Bircan
Eskişehir Yunus Emre Devlet Hastanesi, Eskişehir
Amaç: İdiopatik intrakraniyal hipertansiyon (İİH) obez kadınlarda daha çok görülen, sıklıkla intrakraniyal basınç (İKB) artışıyla seyreden ve görme kaybına yol açabilen bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmada İİH’nin demografik özellikleri, klinik ve radyolojik bulguları incelendi ve bu bulguların hastalık prognozu ile ilişkisi araştırıldı. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, nörooftalmoloji biriminde İİH tanısı konulan ve Ocak 1992 ile Ocak 2012 yılları arasında takipleri yapılan hastalar retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların tanısı modifiye Dandy kriterlerine göre yapıldı. Bulgular: Dahil edilen 59 hastanın (%88,1’i kadın) ortalama yaşı 30,25±13,1 yıl idi. Baş ağrısı (%78), görme bozukluğu (%45,8), bulantı (%32,2), baş dönmesi (%16,9) ve diplopi (%13,6) bildirilen semptomlardı. Hastaların %69,4’unda görme alanı defektleri ve çoğu hastada bilateral (%66,1) olmak üzere hastaların %71’inde papil ödem saptandı. Obezite hastaların %20,3’ünde görüldü. Prognoz hastaların %64,7’ünde iyiyken, hastaların %35,3’ünde klinik kötüleşme saptandı. Hastaların %33’ünde rekürrens oldu ve dört hastada kalıcı ciddi görme kaybı gelişti. Demografik özellikler, başlangıç semptomları, ortalama İKB ve patolojik manyetik rezonans görüntüleme bulguları prognozla ilişkili bulunmazken tedavi başlanmasında gecikme ve görme alanında saptanan jeneralize daralma kötü prognozla ilişkili bulundu. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, obezite batı popülasyonundaki İİH hastalarına göre daha az sıklıkta saptandı. Başlangıçtaki görme alanı defekti, özellikle de jeneralize daralma ve tedavide gecikme kötü prognoz ile ilişkiliydi. Tıbbi tedavinin kesilmesi rekürrens için bir faktördü. Erken tanı ve uygun tedavi, fulminan İİH’de kalıcı görme kaybının şiddetini azaltabilir
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Etiological factors, Clinical Features,and Prognosis
Introduction: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) occurs due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP), is most commonly encountered in obese women, and may lead to loss of vision. This study aimed to determine the demographic features, clinical signs and symptoms, and radiological findings of patients with IIH, and to investigate the factors associated with the prognosis. Methods: Patients with IIH who were examined and followed-up between January 1992-January 2012 in the Neuro-ophthalmology Unit were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were diagnosed based on the modified Dandy criteria. Results: The mean age of 59 patients included in the study (female, 88.1%) was 30.25±13.12 years. Reported complaints were headache (78.0%), transient visual obscuration (45.8%), nausea (32.2%), dizziness (16.9%), and diplopia (13.6%). Of the patients 69.4% had visual field deficits, and 71% had papilledema (66.1% were bilateral). The rate of obesity was 20.3%. The prognosis was good in 64.7% of the patients, and 35.3% of the patients clinically worsened. Recurrence of symptoms was observed in 33% of the patients and 4 patients had severe permanent vision loss. Demographic features, initial complaints, mean ICP, and pathological magnetic resonance imaging findings were not associated with the prognosis. Delay in treatment and generalized constriction in the visual field were associated with the poor prognosis. Conclusion: Compared to patients with IIH in the western population, obesity was less frequent in the present study. Initial visual field defects, especially the generalized constriction and delay to treatment were related to poor prognosis. Cessation of medical treatment was a factor for recurrence. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment may subside the severity of permanent vision loss in fulminant IIH.

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