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Yıl:2019; Cilt: 30; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2019;30(2):137-141
Kernberg ve Kohut’un Narsisistik Kişilik Bozukluğu Kuramlarının Karşılaştırması
A Schmıdt
Uluslararası Psikanaliz Üniversitesi, Berlin
Narsisizm psikanaliz kuramı ortaya atıldığından beri sık sık üzerinde konuşulan bir konu olmuştur ve modern toplumların günlük dilinde özel bir yer edinmiştir. Fakat narsisistik kişilik bozukluğu (NKB) konusundaki bilgi dağarcığımızın hala eksik olması NKB hakkında var olan kuramsal kavramsallaştırmaların daha iyi bir şekilde bütünleştirilmesine ihtiyaç olduğuna işaret eder. Biz, bu yazıda, narsisizm konusunda aynı derecede önemli fakat karşıt fikirlere sahip olan iki psikanalitik düşünürün, Otto Kernberg ve Heinz Kohut’un kuramlarını inceledik. Karşılaştırma derlemesinin amacına uygun bir şekilde kuramların benzeştiği ve ayrıştığı noktaları vurguladık. Bir bireyin sağlıklı gelişimi için şart olan bebeklik ve çocukluk dönemi narsisizminin normal gelişim sürecini; patolojinin nedenlerini ve kaynağını da ele aldığımız patoloji kavramlaştırmasının özellikleri ve seyrini; nesne ilişkilerine ilişkin tutum ve davranışlarını; patoloji sınıflandırılmasını ve tedavi uygulamasını inceledik. Derleme, ayrımlarına rağmen, farklı psikanalitik tedavilerin kanıtlara dayalı modern uygulamalarında gözlemlendiği üzere, her iki kuramın da bozukluğun değerli bir kuramsal perspektifini temsil ettiğini göstermiştir.
Comparison of Kernberg’s and Kohut’s Theory of Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Narcissism is a recurring topic of psychoanalysis since its beginning and has gained a place in everyday language of modern societies. However, there still exist gaps and limitations in our knowledge of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), which presents the need for better integration of already existent theoretical conceptualisations of the disorder. In the present paper, we have examined the theories of, Otto Kernberg and Heinz Kohut, the two most influential, however disagreeing, psychoanalytic thinkers on the topic. For the purpose of the comparative review, we have examined multiple convergences and divergences of their theories. We have examined the development of normal narcissism of infancy and childhood, which is essential for healthy development of the individual; characteristics and course of pathology conceptualisation, in which we also addressed the cause and source of the pathology; attitudes and behaviours relating to object relations; classification of the pathology; and treatment applications. The review indicates that, despite divergences, both theories represent a valuable theoretical perspective of the disorder, which can be observed in the modern application of these theories in different evidence based psychoanalytic treatments.

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