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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 31; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Düşünen Adam: Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi; 2018;31(2):125-134
İşitsel-görsel çağrışımların hareket algısı üzerine etkilerinin görev temelli fMRG ile incelenmesi
H Kafalıgonul
Bilkent Üniversitesi, Ankara Turkey
Amaç: Daha önce gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar yetişkin bireylerde çağrışımsal öğrenmenin algısal deneyimler üstünde beklenmeyen önemli etkilerine ve bu etkilere dayalı duyusal değişimlere işaret etmektedir. Fakat, çağrışımların algıyı şekillendirmede nasıl rol aldığı ve bu etkilerin temelindeki sinirsel mekanizmalar hakkında çok kısıtlı bilgi mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada, üzerinde çok çalışılmış hareket işleme hiyerarşisinden faydalanılarak, farklı beyin bölgelerinin işitsel-görsel çağrışımlarla tetiklenen hareket algısı değişimlerindeki rolleri araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: Daha önce geliştirilmiş bir işitsel-görsel çağrışımsal paradigma kullanılarak, çağrışımsal faz öncesi ve sonrasında davranışsal ve Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) verileri yetişkin insan katılımcılardan (n=13) toplanmıştır. Davranışsal veriler görsel hareket yönüne ve algısına dayalı olarak toplanmıştır. Fonksiyonel manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (fMRG) blok dizayna dayalı olup, analizler genel lineer modele göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Hiçbir geri bildirim olmadan kısa zamanda elde edilen öğrenme fazlarıyla kazanılmış işitsel-görsel çağrışımlar hareket yönü algısını önemli ölçüde değiştirmiştir. Bu etki görsel bilginin muğlak olduğu durumlarda çok daha fazladır. Ek olarak, fMRG bulguları, çok çeşitli ve farklı kortikal bölgelerdeki BOLD aktivitesinin çağrışımsal faz sonrasında değiştiğine işaret etmektedir. Sonuç: Elde edilen tüm veriler düşünüldüğünde, bu çalışmada hem erken seviye duyusal hem de ileri seviye çoklu-duyusal ve bilişsel alanların işitsel-görsel çağrışımların hareket algısına etkilerinde rolü olduğu gösterilmiştir. Genel olarak, bu durum bize çağrışımlar yoluyla elde ettiğimiz tecrübelerin algısal işlemleri farklı hiyerarşik seviyelerde ve kortikal alanlarda etkileyebileceğini önermektedir.
Examining the effects of audiovisual associations on motion perception through task-based fMRI
Objective: Previous studies showed that associative learning can lead to drastic changes in perceptual experience and unexpected levels of sensory plasticity in the adult brain. However, how associative learning is involved in shaping perception and the underlying neural mechanisms are quite poorly understood. In the current study, by taking advantage of well-studied visual motion-processing hierarchy, the roles of different brain areas in audiovisual association-induced changes in motion perception are investigated. Method: Using a previously developed audiovisual associative paradigm, behavioral and Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) data were collected from adult human participants (n=13) before and after the association phase. Behavioral data were collected through reports on visual motion direction. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was based on block design and the functional data were analyzed according to a general linear model. Results: Audiovisual associations, acquired within a short time and without any feedback, significantly affected the perception of motion direction. This effect was much more salient when the physical direction of visual motion was ambiguous. Moreover, fMRI findings pointed out that the BOLD activities across different cortical regions changed after the associative phase. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings indicate that low-level sensory, multisensory and high-level cognitive areas play a role in the effects of audiovisual associations on motion perception. In general, this suggests that our prior experiences acquired through associations may affect perceptual processing at different hierarchical levels and over different cortical areas

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