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Yıl:1999; Cilt: 36; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 1999;36(2):78-89
Primer dejeneratif demansların genetiği
AN Başak
Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik Bölümü - istanbul
Bu yazıda primer dejeneratif demenslann genetiği incelenmektedir. Dominant geçiş gösteren erken-başlangıçlı Alzheimer Hastahğı'na üç ayrı kromo­zomda yer alan üç değişik gen neden olmaktadır; bunlar APP, PSİ ve PS2 genleridir. Ayrıca 19. kro­mozom üzerindeki ApoE geninin e 4 izoformunun, hem erken-, hem de geç-başlangıçlı Alzheimer Has­talığı için önemli bir risk faktörü oluşturduğu göste­rilmiştir. Kromozom 17 ile bağlantı gösteren dejene­ratif demanslar tau protinini kodlayan MAPT geni üzerindeki patojen mutasyonlar sonucu oluşmakta­dır. Prion protein geni 20. kromozoma haritalanmış-tır. Gen üzerindeki mutasyonlar normal PrP'nin has­talık izoformu olan PrPScye dönüşmesini kolaylaş­tırmaktadır. Huntington Hastalığı 4. kromozomda bulunan Huntinğtin proteini geni üzerindeki CAG tekrarlarının sayısındaki anormal artış sonucu orta­ya çıkar (> 40 CAG tekrarı). Otozomal dominant ge­çiş gösteren ve genelde orta yaşlarda başlayan pri­mer dejeneratif demansların DNA analizi, bu hasta­lıkların ayırıcı tanıları yanında presemptomatik tanılan açısından da önem taşımaktadır.
The Genetics Of Primary Degenerative Dementias
In the framework of this article, the genetics of four neurodegenerative diseases are reviewed. Three dif­ferent genes on three different chromosomes are the cause of early-onset Alzheimer's Disease with an au­tosomal dominant inheritance pattern; these are the APP, PS1 and PS2 genes. In addition, the e-4 iso-form of the ApoE gene on chromosome 19 is shown to be an important risk factor for early- and late-on­set AD. Chromosome-17-linked degenerative demen­tias are the result of pathogenic mutations on the | MAPT gene which codes for the tau protein. The pri­on protein gene is mapped to chromosome 20. The mutations on the gene enhance the conversion of the normal isoform PrPC into the pathogenic isoform PrPSc. The gene coding for the Huntingtin protein, resides on chromosome 4 and contains an increased number of CAG repeats in Huntington's Disease carriers (40 CAG repeats). The molecular analysis of la­te-onset neurodegenerative disorders with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern is important for the differential diagnosis of these disorders as well! as for their presymptomatic diagnosis.

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