Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2005; Cilt: 16; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2005;16(3):205-215
Şizofrenide Obsesif Kompulsif Belirtiler
B Kayahan, Ö Öztürk, B Veznedaroğlu
Ege Ü Tıp Fak Psikiyatri AD, İzmir
Şizofreni ve Obsesif-Kompulsif bozukluk (OKB), bilinen en eski psikiyatrik hastalıklardandır. Bu iki hastalık, birbirinden çok farklı gözükseler de, şizofrenide obsesif-kompulsif öğelerin olması ya da, OKB’de psikotik bulguların olması eskiden beri bilinen bir durumdur.

Atipik antipsikotiklerin şizofrenik hastalarda obsesif belirtileri alevlendirdiğine ilişkin yayınlar ve obsesif-kompulsif bozuklukla şizofreni arasında bir biyolojik bağlantı olabileceğine yönelik bulguların ortaya çıkması, alana ilginin artmasına neden olmuştur. Şizofrenik hastaların neredeyse % 60’ında görülen OK belirtilerin etiyolojisi konusunda 1990’lı yıllara kadar yeterli bilgi yoktur. Yakın zamanda hem OKB hem de şizofrenide yapısal ve işlevsel anomalileri açıklamak konusunda ilerlemeler olmuştur. Kortikosubkortikal devrelerle ilgili bilgiler bu iki hastalıktaki semptom örtüşmesini açıklayabilmektedir.

Her iki hastalıkta da prefrontal korteks işlev bozukluğu olduğu, ancak bu hastalıkların prefrontal korteksin birbirinden kısmen bağımsız ve farklı nöroanatomik bağlantıları olan iki ayrı nöroanatomik sistemiyle bağlantılı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Şizofrenide dorsolateral prefrontal korteks (DLPK) ve OKB’de ventro-mediyal prefrontal korteks işlev bozukluğu olduğu ileri sürülmektedir.

Bu derlemede obsesif-kompulsif belirtilerin şizofrenideki görülme sıklığı, hastalığa etkisi, şizo-obsesif hasta grubunun özellikleri, şizofrenideki obsesif-kompulsif belirtilerin nörobiyolojik etiyopatojenezi ve atipik antipsikotiklerin şizofreni hastalarında obsesif-kompulsif belirtileri ortaya çıkarma mekanizması gözden geçirilmiş, böylece şizofrenideki nörobiyolojik heterojeniteye ve hastalığın fenomenolojisine ışık tutulması amaçlanmıştır.

Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia and obsesive compulsive disorder (OCD) are among the oldest described psychiatric disorders. Although they appear to be two distinct psychiatric disorders, early literature about the existence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia dates back to the 1920’s.

The findings that atypical antipsychotics exacerbate obsessive-compulsive symptoms among schizophrenic patients and the emergence of a possible biological relation between the two diseases increased interest in this subject. Until the 1990’s information about the aetiology of obsessive-compulsive symptoms which are observed in about 60% of schizophrenic patients, was insufficient. Recently there has been progress in explaining the structural and functional abnormalities in both OCD and schizophrenia. Knowledge of the cortico-subcortical circuits might explain the co-incidence of symptomatology in the two disorders.

It is shown that there is prefrontal cortex dysfunction in both disorders but the bases of dysfunctions are distinct from each other. These dyfunctions derive from two different neuro-anatomical systems partially connected with each other and with different neuro-anatomical connections. It is suggested that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPC) dysfunction occurs in schizophrenia and ventro-medial prefrontal cortex dysfunction (VMPC) in OCD.

In this review, the incidence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia, their effect on the disorder, the features of the schizo-obsessive patient group and the mechanism of how atypical antipsychotics exacerbate obsessive compulsive symptoms are discussed. Thus, we aimed to highlight the neurobiologic heterogeneity and phenomenology of schizophrenic disorder.

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