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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 28; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2017;28(4):225-233
Tek İlaçla Remisyondaki Bipolar Bozukluk Hastalarında Bilişsel İşlevler: Bir İzlem Çalışması  
VŞ Cankorur, H Demirel, D Yücel, S Çakır, S Kesebir, C Atbaşoğlu
Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara
Amaç: Bipolar bozuklukta (BB) bilişsel kusurların varlığı ve süreçte arttığı birçok kesitsel çalışma tarafından desteklenmektedir. Ancak bulguların yorumlanmasındaki önemli güçlükler izlem çalışmalarının sınırlı sayıda olması ve çoklu ilaç tedavilerinin rolünün dışlanamamasıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı tek ilaçla remisyonda olan BB hastalarının bilişsel işlevlerinin kesitsel olarak sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırılması ve BB’si olan hastaların bilişsel işlevlerinin uzunlamasına incelenmesidir. Yöntem: En az 1 ay boyunca tek ilaçla remisyonda olan 27 BB hastasının bilişsel işlevleri (premorbid IQ, dikkat, yürütücü işlevler, bellek, görseluzaysal beceriler ve psikomotor hız) 35 sağlıklı kontrolle karşılaştırılmış ve hasta grubu ortalama 18 ay (6-77 ay) sonra tekrar değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: BB grubu bilişsel işlevlerden dikkat, kavram oluşturma ve zihinsel esneklik, tepkiyi ketleyebilme, set değiştirme ve akıl yürütmeyi içeren yürütücü işlevler, sözel bellek ve psikomotor hız alanlarında kontrol grubuna göre daha kötü performans gösterirken ilk ve izlem değerlendirmelerinde farklılık göstermemiştir. Sonuç: Tek ilaçla izlemde ve remisyondaki BB hastalarının bilişsel işlevlerinin kesitsel olarak sağlıklı kontrollerle kıyaslandığında bozuk olduğu, izlemde ise bilişsel işlevlerin aynı düzeyde seyrettiği saptanmıştır. Bilişsel işlevlerin süreçte bozulma göstermemesi hastaların iyi gidişli bir grubu temsil etmeleriyle ilişkili olabileceği gibi tekli ilaçla tedavinin bilişsel işlevler üzerinde olumsuz bir etki oluşturmadığı biçiminde de yorumlanabilir. Ancak bilişsel işlevlerde bozulmanın daha uzun zaman dilimlerinde ortaya çıkabileceği de akılda bulundurulmalıdır.
Cognitive Functions of Bipolar Disorder Patients in Remission on Monotherapy: A Follow-Up Study
Objective: Multiple sectional studies indicate that the cognitive functions of bipolar disorder (BD) patients in remission are damaged. These studies also suggest that cognitive functions get worse over time. Although the results are inconsistent, there are limited follow-up studies that reveal any contradictory results. Interestingly, there have been major difficulties in the interpretation related to this subject. In particular, scarcity of longitudinal studies and not eliminating the role of multidrug side effects on cognitive functions are just a few. Due to these aforementioned limitations, the longitudinal course of cognitive functions and their sectional differences were investigated in BD patients that underwent remission with monotherapy in this study. Methods: In this study, the cognitive functions (premorbid IQ, attention, executive functions, memory, visual-spatial skills, and psychomotor speed) of BD patients (n=27) in remission and on monotherapy for at least 1 month were assessed at baseline and at an 18 (6-77) month follow-up period and compared to healthy controls (n=35). Results: The BD group’s performance was worse than those of the control group on tests that evaluated attention, executive functions including concept formation, mental flexibility, response inhibition, set shifting, and reasoning, verbal memory, and psychomotor speed. On the other hand, the BD group showed no significant differences at baseline and follow-up examinations. Conclusion: All cognitive functions of BD patients on monotherapy remained stable during the follow-up. This suggests that this group might be a sub-group of BD with good prognosis, and monotherapy may not be harmful on cognitive functions. On the other hand, it needs longer time to detect cognitive dysfunctions.

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