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Objective: Our primary aim was to assess the relationship between self-esteem and pain and suicidal thoughts in a sample of patients with various kinds of cancer. Method: A total of 117 adult cancer patients were assessed with respect to several sociodemographic variables, the severity of pain, depression, and anxiety, current suicidal thoughts, hopelessness and self-esteem. Turkish versions of Visual Analog Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used in this study. Results: The severity of depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and current suicidal thoughts were significantly higher in patients with pain compared to patients without pain. Self-esteem was significantly reduced in subjects with pain. Previous history of psychiatric disorder and pain significantly predicted current suicidal thoughts status. Reduced selfesteem was significantly correlated with depression, anxiety, hopelessness, pain, and current suicidal thoughts. Conclusions: Reduced self-esteem among cancer patients was particularly associated with a more severe pain, higher levels of depression, stronger feelings of hopelessness and current suicidal thoughts. Our findings might indicate that pain in cancer patients might have a negative influence on self-esteem leading to suicidal thoughts along with depression, anxiety, and hopelessness. Therefore, reduced self-esteem in cancer patients might be associated with suicidal ideations through pain, depression, anxiety, and hopelessness.