Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2001; Cilt: 12; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2001;12(1):61-68
Hastalık yaşantısındaki belirsizlik
F Öz
Hacettepe Ü. Hemşirelik YO. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği ABD, Ankara.
Hastalık yaşantısı, hastalığın her evresinde belirsizlik yaşatabilir. Yaşanan belirsizlik hastaların duygularını da etkileyebilmektedir. Oluşan bu duygular kaygı, korku, öfke, çaresizlik, aşırı duyarlılık ve depresyondur. Belirsizlik bireylerin ne yapacakları konusunda karar vermelerini güçleştirebildiği gibi, bireylerin yaşamlarına kontrol koyabilme düzeylerini de azaltabilir. Konu ile ilgili literatür incelemesinin sağlık çalışanlarının hasta bireyi değerlendirmelerinde yararlı olacağı düşünülmüştür. Genel tıp ve hastalıkta belirsizlik konusu ile ilgili çalışmalar bilgisayar aracılığı ile Medline’da taranmış, ilgili olanlar seçilmiş ve gözden geçirilmiştir. Belirsizlik, herhangi bir durumu kontrol edememekten kaynaklanan yetersizlik duygusu olarak tanımlanır. Literatür gözden geçirmesinde belirsizlik bireyin kaygısı, yaşamına kontrol koyabilme ve baş etme becerileriyle ilişkili bulunmuştur. Hastalık durumunda bilgi eksikliğinin giderilmesi belirsizliğin yaşanmasını azaltır. Bu nedenle, belirsizlik, hastalığın her aşamasında ele alınması gereken bir konudur. Belirsizlik yaşayan hastaları ele alırken, hastanın yaşam kalitesini artırmak için tanı, tedavi ve rehabilitasyon aşamalarındaki belirsizlik alanlarının çok iyi değerlendirilmesi gerekir. Ayrıca, pozitif düşünme, sosyal destek ve ekonomik yeterlilik bireyin baş etmesini olumlu olarak etkilemekte dolayısıyla belirsizlik yaşamasını engellemektedir. Konunun önemi bilinse de ülkemizde bu konunun doğrudan çalışıldığı kaynakların yetersiz olduğu dikkat çekmiştir. Konu ile ilgili yaşantıların ve bilgilerin paylaşıldığı ileri çalışmalara gereksinim vardır.
Uncertainty in Illness Experience
Illness experience can cause uncertainty in each stage of disease. Feelings of uncertainty also affect the emotions of patients. These emotions include anxiety, fear, anger, helplessness, hypersensitivity, grief and depression. Uncertainty makes it difficult for one to make decisions and decreases the level of control over one’s life. Investigation of this subject may be useful in the evaluation of patients by health professionals. The literature on uncertainty in general medicine and illnesses was examined on Medline, and studies relevant to our experiences were selected and reviewed. Uncertainty is defined as a feeling of inadequacy based on not being able to control the situation. Uncertainty is a common experience for individuals living with disease, particularly when treatment cannot assure cure. When uncertainty is appraised as danger, emotion-focused coping strategies are expected to predominate since danger implies that the situation is unmanageable with the available self-control behaviors. In the literature reviewed, uncertainty was found to be related to anxiety and coping. Successful adjustment is dependent on self-management and mastery. During an illness informing the patient decreases uncertainty; therefore, uncertainty is a subject which must be handled at each stage of the illness. While dealing with patients who experience uncertainty, the uncertainty during the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation should be thoroughly evaluated, in order to increase the patient’s quality of life. In addition, positive thinking, social support and financial security help one to cope with illness and prevent uncertainty. Although the importance of the subject is known, an insufficiency of direct studies on this subject has been noted in Turkey. There is a need for further studies on this subject.

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