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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar; 2017;9(2):189-208
Prenatal Dönemden Yaşlılığa Stres ve Sonuçları
NP Uludağlı
Başkent Üniversitesi, Ankara
İnsan yaşamı anne karnından yaşlılık dönemine kadar pek çok gelişimsel değişikliğe sahne olmaktadır. Hem yaşa bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan fiziksel, bilişsel ve duygusal değişiklikler, hem de her yaş döneminde toplumsal olarak gerçekleştirilmesi beklenen sosyal görevler, bireyin yeni koşullara uyum sağlamasını gerektirmektedir. Bu yeni koşullar kimi zaman istendik olsa bile bireyin stres yaşamasına neden olmaktadır. Bu gözden geçirme çalışmasında sırasıyla prenatal dönem, bebeklik, çocukluk, ergenlik, yetişkinlik ve yaşlılık dönemlerinde karşılaşılan yaşam olayları ve bu yaşam olaylarının bireyin sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri, yaşam boyu perspektiften ele alınmıştır. Buna göre her bireyin kendine özgü sosyal destek düzeyi, dezavantajlı bölgede yaşama, sağlıklı yaşam alışkanlıkları, başa çıkma becerileri gibi bireysel koşulları, stresin ne ölçüde yaşanacağını belirlemektedir. Bireyin her yaş döneminde farklı düzeylerde yaşadığı bu stres, hem fiziksel hem de psikolojik sağlığını olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Gelişimsel stres kaçınılmaz olmakla birlikte, her yaş döneminde olumlu ve destekleyici sosyal ilişkilere sahip olunması, stresle etkili bir biçimde başa çıkmaya yardımcı olmaktadır.
Stress and Its Consequences from Prenatal Period to Older Ages
Human life includes numerous developmental changes starting from the mother’s womb to old ages. Both age related physical, cognitive, and emotional changes and social roles that are expected to be fulfilled at every age period require individual to adapt new conditions. Even if these new conditions are sometimes desirable, they lead individuals to feel stress. This review examined the important life events that are experienced respectively in the infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and older ages and the effects of these life events on the individuals’ health from the life span perspective. Accordingly, each individual’s conditions such as the amount of social support, living in a disadvantaged district, healthy life habits, and coping skills determine to what extent the individual experiences stress. The stress that the individual experiences with varying degrees in each age period may affect his/her physical and psychological health negatively. Although developmental stress is inevitable, having positive and supportive social relations helps coping with stress effectively.

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