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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 27; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2016;27(3):213-217
Bipolar Bozukluk I Tanısı Olan Yaşlı Bir Hastada Valproik Asit Kullanımına Bağlı Gelişen Geri Dönüşümlü Parkinsonizm ve Bilişsel Bozulma
S Hassamal, S Waller, K Reese, C Testa
Virginia Commonwealth Üniversitesi, ABD
Valproik asit (VPA) bipolar bozuklukta manik ya da karma atakların tedavisi için Amerikan Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi (FDA) tarafından onaylanmıştır. VPA ayrıca psikiyatride endikasyon dışı olarak dürtü kontrol bozuklukları, majör depresyon ve travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (TSSB) gibi diğer durumları tedavi etmek amacı ile de kullanılmaktadır. VPA çoğunlukla iyi tolere edilmekle birlikte, sık yan etkiler olarak gastrointestinal belirtiler (bulantı, kusma, ishal), nörolojik belirtiler (sedasyon, ataksi, tremor), kilo artışı ve alopesi görülmektedir. VPA kullanımına bağlı gelişen parkinsonizm ve bilişsel bozukluk daha az görülen yan etkilerdir. Bu yazıda, bipolar bozukluk tip I nedeni ile divalproeks sodyum başlandıktan sekiz yıl sonra parkinsonizm ve bilişsel bozukluk gelişen bir olgu sunulmaktadır. Zamanla, hastanın parkinsonizm belirtileri ilerlemiş ve motor belirtileri karbidopa/levodopa tedavisine kısmi yanıt vermiştir. Hastada gelişen hafif bilişsel bozukluk, donepezil ile genellikle stabil olarak izlenmiştir. Divalproeks sodyumun hızlıca kesilmesi parkinsonizm belirtilerinin yanı sıra bilişsel bozukluğun düzelmesini sağlamıştır. Bu yazıda, erişkinlerde VPA kullanımına bağlı gelişen parkinsonizm ve bilişsel bozukluk ile ilgili literatürün kısa bir gözden geçirilmesi bulunmaktadır. VPA kullanımına bağlı gelişen parkinsonizmin geri dönüşümlü doğası ve olası şiddeti göz önüne alındığında, özellikle uzun süre VPA kullanan psikiyatri hastalarında bu durumun fark edilmesi kritik bir önem taşımaktadır. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla, psikiyatri hastalarında sekiz yıldan fazla VPA kullanımı sonrası VPA kullanımına bağlı parkinsonizm başladığını gösteren başka bir bildirim bulunmamaktadır.
Reversible Valproic Acid-Induced Parkinsonism and Cognitive Impairment in an Elderly Patient With Bipolar Disorder I
Valproic acid (VPA) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder. VPA is also used off-label to treat other conditions in psychiatry such as impulse control disorders, major depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although VPA is mostly well-tolerated, common adverse effects include gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), neurological symptoms (sedation, ataxia, tremor), weight gain, and alopecia. Less common adverse effects include VPA-induced parkinsonism and cognitive impairment. We describe a patient who developed parkinsonism and cognitive impairment eight years after starting divalproex sodium for bipolar disorder, type I. Over time, the patient’s parkinsonian symptoms progressed, and the motor symptoms were partially responsive to carbidopa/levodopa. Her mild cognitive impairment was, for the most part, stable on donepezil. Rapid discontinuation of divalproex sodium resolved the parkinsonian symptoms as well as the cognitive impairment. A brief review of the literature regarding VPA-induced parkinsonism and cognitive impairment in adults is included. Given the reversible nature and potential severity of VPA-induced parkinsonism, improved recognition in psychiatric populations is critical, particularly after extended VPA exposure. To the best of our knowledge there are no reports describing the onset of VPA-induced parkinsonism in psychiatric patients more than eight years after starting VPA.

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