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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 23; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2016;23(2):147-154
Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Tanılı Olgularda Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Varlığında Metilfenidat Kullanımı
ÜA Ardıç, ES Ercan
Denizli Devlet Hastanesi, Denizli
Amaç: Çocukluk çağı nörogelişimsel bozuklukları içinde önemli bir yer tutan dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) ve yaygın gelişimsel bozukluklar (YGB) oldukça sık olarak bir arada görülebilen psikiyatrik bozukluklardır. YGB güncel DSM-5 ölçütlerine göre otizm spektrum bozuklukları (OSB) başlığı altında incelenmektedir. DSM-IV’te OSB tanısı DEHB tanısı için bir dışlama ölçütüyken DSM-5’te OSB olan olgularda DEHB tanısı konabilmesine olanak verilmiştir. Çok sık olarak görülen OSB olan olgularda DEHB’nin tedavisi de üzerinde araştırmaların hala sürdüğü bir alandır. Metilfenidat (MPH), DEHB’nin tedavisinde en çok araştırılmış olan ajandır. Bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalarda MPH’ın oldukça iyi bir etkinlik ve güvenirlik profiline sahip olduğu gösterilmiş olsa da, DEHB ile eşzamanlı olarak OSB bulunan olgularda MPH tedavisi hakkında yapılan çalışmalarda birbiri ile çelişen sonuçlar alınmıştır. Bu gözden geçirmenin amacı yazında DEHB ve OSB belirtileri eşzamanlı olarak bulunan olguların tedavisi hakkında yapılan çalışmaların özetlenmesi ve bu klinik başlık altında yer alan hastaların tedavilerine yön gösterebilecek bir durum tespiti yapmaktır. Yöntem: Bu gözden geçirmenin amacına yönelik olarak güncel yazın taraması gerçekleştirilmiş ve konu hakkında altısı plasebo kontrollü, beşi de kontrollü olmayan klinik araştırma tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırmalarda 193’ü kontrollü, 567’si kontrollü olmayan çalışmalarda yer almak üzere toplam 760 hastaya ait sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Toplam 11 çalışmada yer alan hastaların 640’ı erkek (%84.2), 120’si kız (%15.8) idi ve hastalar 0-21 yaşları arasında yer alıyordu. Elde edilen bulgulara göre DEHB+OSB olan olgularda MPH tedavisi ile 10 çalışmada olumlu sonuçlar elde edilebilmiştir. Bu çalışmalarda dikkatsizlik, hiperaktivite, impulsivite, karşıt gelme gibi DEHB belirtilerinde iyileşmeler kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmaların bazılarında ise yan etkilerde artıştan bahsedilmiştir. Bunların dışında kalan bir çalışmada ise stimülanların OSB olan olgularda zayıf tolere edildiği ve elde edilen yanıtların OSB alt tiplerine göre fark gösterdiği bildirilmiştir. Sonuçlar: DEHB ile eşzamanlı olarak bulunan OSB olgularında psikostimülanların kullanımı genellikle olumlu sonuçlar alınabileceğine işaret etse de, yan etkilerde izlenen artışlar gibi olumsuz bulgular bu hastaların tedavilerine yönelik daha kapsamlı randomize kontrollü çalışmaların gerektiğini göstermiştir.
Methylphenidate Use In The Presence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity In Cases With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review
Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) are psychiatric disorders that constitute a substantial area in neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood, and have high rates of being comorbid with each other. PDDs are classified under the headline of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) regarding current DSM-5 criteria. While having the diagnosis of ASD was among exclusion criteria for ADHD diagnosis in DSM-IV, DSM-5 has given the possibility of diagnosing ASD cases with ADHD. Research on treatment of ADHD in ASD cases that are a commonly encountered clinical situation, is ongoing. Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most studied agent in the treatment of ADHD,. Although studies so far have shown that MPH has favourable efficiency and safety profile, conflicting results have been obtained in studies about MPH treatment in ASD cases with ADHD comorbidity. Aim of this review was to summarize the current data in the literature regarding treatment of cases that have concurrent symptoms of ADHD and ASD while maintaining a possible directory for the management and treatment of these cases and their treatment that are classified under this headline, in the future. Method: A literature search was performed within the context of the aim of this and 6 placebo-controlled and 5 non-controlled clinical studies were found. These studies included the results from a total of 760 patients, where 193 were from controlled, and 567 from uncontrolled studies. Results: Among the total number of 11 studies, 640 patients were boys (84.2%), and 120 were girls (15.8%), and they were between 0 to 21 years of age. According to the findings, favourable response to MPH was obtained in cases diagnosed with ASD+ADHD from 10 studies. In these studies, improvements in ADHD symptoms such as attention deficiency, hyperactivity, impulsivity and oppositional defiant behaviour. However, some studies reported an increase in adverse effects. One remaining study reported that stimulants were tolerated poorly in patients with ASD, and this response was also varied among ASD subtypes. Conclusion: Even though psychostimulant therapy generally yields to positive outcomes in the treatment of ASD patients with ADHD comorbidity, reported increases in adverse effects suggest that more comprehensive randomized controlled studies about the treatment would be required in these patients.

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