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Yıl:1994; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 33>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 1994;9(33):9-18
Güvenirliği ve/veya Geçerliği Sınanmış Psikolojik Testler
N Öner
Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Ülkemiz sosyal bilimcilerinin kullanabileceği 179 psikolojik test hakkında ayrıntılı bilgiyi içeren bir başvuru kitabının Boğaziçi Üniversitesi matbaasındaki basımı 1994 sonunda tamamlanmıştır. Bu yazıda sunulan döküm ve değerlendirmeler anılan kitaptan kısa bir derlemedir. Buradaki 179 testin 'MHR'i uyarlama, %51'i çeviri, %26.8'ide teliftir. Toplam test sayısının yarısında güvenirlik ve geçerlik sınaması yapılmıştır. Her iki psikometrik niteliğin de sınanmış olduğu, testlerin yüzdesi %,19; değişik düzeylerde normları olan testlerin yüzdesi ise 36'dır. Güvenirlik-geçerlik-norm verilerinin verildiği testlerin yüzdesi 25 civarındadır. Yayınlanmış test elkitabı olanların oranı %10'dur. Hiçbir çeviri testin psikometrik nitelikleri sınanmamıştır. En sıklıkla kullanılan güvenirlik ve geçerlik teknikleri test-tekrar test güvenirliği (%63) ve yapı geçerliği (%71) dir. Testlerin yalnızca çeviri düzeyinde kalmış (Türk örneklemleri üzerinde psikometrik niteliklerinin sınanmamış) olması, bunların kullanımını engellememiştir. Tersine en sık kullanılan testlerin (örneğin çeviri olan Rorscbach testinin) araştırmalarda en sıklıkla kullanılan bir ölçek olduğu saptanmıştır. Genel görünüm, testlerin %70'inin işlenilen/ gerekli bilimsel gelişmişlik düzeyinde olmadığıdır. Bu nedenle uygulamacıların/ araştırmacıların test seçiminde ve kullanımında çok titiz, dikkatli olmaları kaçınılmaz bir sorumluluktur. Bundan sonra yapılacak doğrulardan biri, çevirilerin ve/veya tam olarak geliştirilmesi tamamlanmamış testlerin gereken bilimsel düzeye çıkarılmasıdır.
This review is based on the contents of a source book containing 179 psychological tests used in Turkey. It is published by the Bogaziçi University printing office and is released by December 1994. There are three kinds of tests: 48 % is adapted from English (mostly), French and German; 31 % is merely translated (therefore, their reliability, and validity are not tested on Turkish samples), and 26.8 % is developed by Turkish social scientists. Half of these 179 tests has data on either reliability or validity; and 36 % has some normative information. Tests that have both reliability and validity dala constitute 39 %; those with reliability, validity norms constitute 25 % of these tests. Only 10 % has a test manual. The most common reliability and validity techniques used by Turkish social scientists are test-retest reliability (65 %) and contruct validity (71 %). The most frecquently used tests are those are more translations. Rorschach is one of such tests which has the highest frequency of usage by Turkish researchers. The overall picture is that 70 %of tests used in Turkey has no psychometric data on Turkish samples. Researchers/practitioners need to be extremely careful in choosing / using tests. Tests not fully developed need to be taken up by future researchers to be improved psychometrically.

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