Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2015; Cilt: 16; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Bağımlılık Dergisi; 2015;16(3):144-154
Alkol ve Madde Bağımlılıklarında Fonksiyonel Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (fMRI) Çalışmalarının Gözden Geçirilmesi
MÇ Uytun, EÖ Demirci
Kayseri Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi, Kayseri
Mevcut birçok teori, bağımlılıkta fonksiyonel beyin anormalliklerinin rol oynadığını vurgulamaktadır. Bu derlemede, fonksiyonel manyetik rezonans görüntüleme ile bağımlı bireylerdeki nöral defisitin (eksiklik) araştırıldığı çalışmaların bulguları sunulmaktadır. Alkol, sigara ve maddelerle ilgili yapılmış fMRI çalışmalarından, stop-sinyal, yap/yapma (go/no-go) veya dinlenme-hali gibi görevlerin kullanıldığı çalışmalar Pubmed ve Google Akademik’ten aranarak seçilmiştir. Bağımlılığı olan kişilerde sağlıklı kontrollere kıyasla amigdala, insula, hipokampus, talamus, striatum, anterior singulate korteks, inferior frontal girus, dorsolateral prefrontal korteks, temporal korteks, parietal korteks ve serebellum bölgelerinde anormal aktivasyon paternleri olduğunu göstermektedir. Bazı çalışmalarda bu defisitler test performansında bozulma ile ilişkili bulunurken, çalışmaların bir kısmında ise böyle bir ilişki gösterilememiştir. Davranışsal bağımlılıklarda ile ilgili olarak da benzer nöral defisitlerin olduğuna dair bazı kanıtlar vardır ancak henüz çalışmalar az sayıda olup sonuçlar kesin değildir. Bu derlemede, geçen on yılda yapılmış, bağımlılıkta birçok beyin bölgesi hakkında bilgimizi arttıran fonksiyonel beyin görüntüleme çalışmalarına odaklanılmıştır. Özetle, bağımlılığı olan bireylerin beyin fonksiyonlarında mevcut bağımlılık teorileri ile uyumlu anormallikler tespit edilerek bu teoriler desteklenmiştir.
A Review of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies with Addictions of Alcohol and Drug
Several current theories emphasize the role of functional brain abnormalities in addiction. In this review, the findings of the functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that examined neural deficits in addicted individuals are presented. We selected fMRI studies about tobacco, alcohol and drugs that using tasks such as stop-signal, go/no-go or resting state fMRI studies based on a search of PubMed and Google scholar. The findings showed that addicted individuals relative to healthy controls had abnormal activation patterns in the amygdala, insula, hippocampus, thalamus, striata, anterior cingulate cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, parietal cortex, and cerebellum. Although in some studies these neural deficits were associated with impaired task performance, other studies could not find such association. With regard to behavioral addictions, some evidence has been found for similar neural deficits; however, the data are limited and the results are not yet conclusive. This review focuses on functional neuroimaging studies conducted in the past decade that have expanded our understanding of the involvement of the several brain areas in addiction. Current addiction theories were supported by identifying consistent abnormalities in brain function in individuals with addiction.

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