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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 13; Sayı: 25>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2010;13(25):42-59
Anne-Baba Tutum ve Davranışlarının Psikolojik Etkileri: Türkiye'de Yapılan Çalışmalara Toplu Bakış
N Sümer, EG Aktürk, E Helvacı
Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara
Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de yapılmış ebeveyn tutum ve davranışlarına ilişkin yayınlanmış çalışmaları derlemek ve bu tutum ve davranışların çocuk ve gençler üzerindeki gözlenen etkilerini genel olarak incelemektir. Bu derleme çalışmasına ebeveyn tutumlarının bağımsız değişken olarak ele alındığı ve bir sonuç değişken üzerinde etkisinin incelendiği, örneklemi Türkiye’den olan, herhangi bir ulusal ya da uluslararası bilimsel bir dergide yayınlanan 34 yayın seçilmiş ve sistematik olarak bir tabloda sunulmuştur. Türkiye’de yürütülmüş olan ebeveyn tutum ve davranışları araştırmalarında en yaygın olarak Aile Hayatı ve Çocuk Yetiştirme Tutum Ölçeği, Ana-Baba Tutum Ölçeği, Ana Baba Tutum Envanteri ve Ebeveyn Kabul-Red Ölçeği’nin çeşitli formları kullanılmıştır. İncelenen çalışmalarda en yaygın kullanılan sonuç (bağımlı) değişkenlerinin ise benlik saygısı, saldırganlık, akademik başarı, kaygı, kendini kabul, genel psikolojik uyum ve bağlanma stilleri olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ebeveyn tutum ve davranışlarında baskı, disiplin ve aşırı koruyuculuğa karşılık gelen davranışların çocuk ve ergenler üzerindeki etkileri tutarlı olarak olumsuz; demokratik ve kabul edici tutum ve davranışların etkileri ise tutarlı olarak olumlu bulunmuştur. Ele alınan araştırmalarda genel olarak, doğrudan Türkiye’de geliştirilen ölçeklerden ziyade, çeviri ya da uyarlanmış ölçekler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaların çoğunluğu kesitsel yöntemle yapılmış ve veriler genellikle tek bir kaynaktan (çoğunlukla çocuk ya da ergenden) toplanmıştır. Erken ve orta çocukluk döneminde yürütülen çalışmalar görece daha azdır. Bulgular, ebeveyn tutum ve davranışlarında kültürel örüntüler dikkate alınarak tartışılmıştır.
Psychological Effects of Parenting Styles and Behaviors:A Review of Studies in Turkey
The present study aims to review the published studies on parenting styles and behaviors conducted in Turkey and to explore the overall effects of parenting on children and adolescents. This review included the studies in which parenting styles and/or behaviors were employed as the independent variables, the effects of parenting variables were examined on an outcome variable, published in a scientifi c outlet, and the samples were selected from Turkish participants. Thirty-four studies meeting the criteria were selected for the review and they were systematically presented in Table 1. Examination of the studies demonstrated that the majority of the measures used in these studies were adopted into Turkish from other languages. The commonly utilized measures were the Parent Attitude Research Instrument (PARI), the Parenting Style Inventory, Parenting Style Scale and various forms of the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ). The individual differences regarding parenting behaviors were mostly examined on self-esteem, aggressiveness, academic achievement, anxiety, self-acceptance, psychological adjustment, and attachment styles in the reviewed studies. Overall, results have suggested that whereas parenting behaviors that can be described as authoritarian, over controlling, restrictive, and punitive consistently have negative effects on the child and adolescent outcome behaviors; parenting that can be characterized as democratic, accepting, and emotionally warm have positive effects on the observed variables. The majority of the reviewed studies had cross-sectional design and employed the measures which were originally developed in other cultures and the culture specifi c aspects of parenting were rarely considered. The data were collected from a single source, usually from children and adolescent, rather than multiple sources including parents. Finally, the samples from early and middle childhood were very rare in the Turkish literature. The implications of the reviewed studies were discussed considering the cultural relevance of the fi ndings.

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