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Yıl:2008; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 21>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2008;11(21):41-51
Dünyaya İlişkin Varsayımlar Ölçeği Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması: Ön Çalışma
B Yılmaz
Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara
Travma mağdurlarıyla yapılan çalışmalar, insanların doğuştan sahip oldukları varsayımlara göre davrandığını ve travmatik olayların, bu varsayımların sarsılmasına neden olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Janoff-Bulman (1989), ‘Temel Varsayımlar Modeli’ ile insanların temel inançlarını açıklamaya yönelik bir kuramsal çerçeve sunmuştur. Bu modelde, bireyin sahip olduğu temel varsayımlar, ‘dünyanın iyiliği varsayımı’, ‘dünyanın anlamlılığı varsayımı’ ve ‘kendilik değeri varsayımı’ olarak üç ana grupta ele alınmaktadır. Janoff-Bulman (1989), bu modeldeki üç ana varsayımı temel alarak, travmaya maruz kalmış kişilerin varsayımlarında ortaya çıkan değişimleri ölçmek amacıyla “Dünyaya İlişkin Varsayımlar Ölçeği”ni (DİVÖ) (World Assumptions Scale) geliştirmiştir. Bu ölçek, her biri birer varsayımı temsil eden yedi alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır: Dünyanın iyiliği, adalet, olayların kontrol edilebilirliği, rastlantısallık, kendilik değeri, yaşam üzerinde kişisel kontrol, şans. Bu çalışmanın amacı da, DİVÖ’nün Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliğine ilişkin bir ön-çalışma yapmaktır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, farklı eğitim düzeylerine sahip 137’si kadın, 82’si erkek olmak üzere 219 yetişkinden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplamak amacıyla DİVÖ’nün Türkçe formunun yanı sıra, ölçüt geçerliği için Rotter İç-Dış Kontrol Odağı Ölçeği ve Kısa Semptom Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğine ilişkin bilgi elde etmek amacıyla temel bileşenler analizi yapılmış; bunun sonucunda ölçeğin altı faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin iç-tutarlık katsayısı .70, test- tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı ise .58’dir. Bulgular, DİVÖ’nün Türkçe formunun, çeşitli türden travmatik yaşantılara maruz kalmış gruplardan elde edilecek veriler de kullanılarak yeniden ele alınmasının ardından, ülkemizde ruhsal travma alanında kullanılan değerlendirme araçlarına katkı sağlayacak bir ölçek olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Reliability and Validity Study of World Assumptions Scale: Pilot Study
Studies on the psychological aftermath of traumatic events suggest that people operate according to unquestioned assumptions and traumatic experiences shatter these assumptions. Janoff-Bulman (1989) provided a theoretical framework and suggested a model called ‘Model of Basic Assumptions’ to explain people’s beliefs and assumptive worlds. According to this model, people have three basic assumptions: benevolence of the world, meaningfulness of the world, and worthiness of self. Based on these three assumptions, Janoff-Bulman (1989) developed a scale called “World Assumptions Scale” (WAS) to measure basic assumptions of trauma victims. The scale has seven sub- scales, each of which represents an assumption in the model: benevolence of the world, justice, control, randomness, self-worth, self-control, luck. The purpose of this research was to make a pre-study to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of WAS. The sample of the study consisted of 219 adults (137 females, 82 males). Besides WAS, the Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control Scale and Brief Symptom Inventory were used to determine the criterion validity of the scale. The principal component analysis revealed that the scale had six factors. The internal consistency of the scale was .70, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was .58. Findings suggested that the reliability and validity of this scale should be repeated based on data gathered from samples consisted of individuals exposed to different kinds of traumatic events. The usage of this scale in trauma research would contribute knowledge on psychological aftermath of trauma.

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