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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 14>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2004;7(14):1-13
Çocuk Çizimlerinin Klinik Amaçlı Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
M Sayıl
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Çocuk çizimleri, kişiliğin ve duygusal bozuklukların değerlendirilmesinde uzun yıllardan bu yana ve yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Çizimlerin, değerlendirme sürecindeki yararına ilişkin öznel izlenimler uygulayıcılar tarafından paylaşılmakla birlikte bu klinik yöntemin, ölçmenin geçerliği ve güvenirliği açısından eksiklikleri bulunmaktadır. Bu eksikliklerin kaynağı büyük ölçüde bir grafik araç olarak çizimin kendisinden ve bunun gelişimsel bir süreç olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Diğer projektif tekniklerde olduğu gibi çocuk resimlerinin değerlendirilmesinde de psikodinamik kuramdan yararlanılmakta; ancak genellikle çizime ve çizim gelişimine ait özelliklerin etkisi bu değerlendirme sürecinde göz ardı edilmektedir. Bu nedenle yazıda klinik değerlendirme sürecinde çocuk çizimlerinin daha sağlıklı olarak kullanılabilmesine katkıda bulunmak amacıyla, gelişimsel ve klinik bulgular ile mevcut görüşler çerçevesinde bir değerlendirmeye gidilmiştir. Yazının amacı çocuk çizimlerinin klinik amaçla değerlendirilmesindeki bazı tehlikelere dikkat çekmektir. Değinilen tehlikeler, çizimlerin yorumunda kullanılan kuramsal çerçeve, çizimdeki klinik özelliklerin ayrıştırılması, değerlendiriciler arası güvenirlik, çizimin gelişimsel yönü ve çizim yeteneğindeki bireysel farklılıklardır. Sonuç olarak, çizimlerden sağlanan bilgi, klinik amaçlı değerlendirilmelerde kullanılırken mutlaka geçerli ve güvenilir diğer araçlardan elde edilen bilgiyle birlikte ele alınmalıdır.
Clinical Use of Children's Drawings: An Evaluation
Children's drawings have been used widely as a diagnostic tool in the assessment of personality, current emotional states and emotional disturbances. Many clinicians believe in the usefulness of the drawings in the clinical assessment process. However this technique has some problems of reliability and validity. These problems mainly come from the drawing itself as a graphic medium and the developmental characteristic of it. Psychodynamic theories have been used in the interpretation of drawings like any other projective technique. However the characteristics of the drawing process and its development have been generally ignored by the clinicians. Therefore the developmental and clinical findings from the controlled studies and current discussions were taken together in this paper. The purpose is to draw attention to the pitfalls in the projective assessment of children's drawings. Main pitfalls were summarized as theoretical framework used for interpretation of the drawings, identification of clinical indicators, interrater reliability, developmental aspect of drawing, and drawing ability differences among the children. From the views reviewed here it was concluded that information from the child's drawing should be used with other reliable and convergent data.

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