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Yıl:2002; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 9-10>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2002;5(9-10):83-103
Alkol, Öğrenme Süreçleri ve Trafik Kazaları
HB Ayvaşık
Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara
Alkol (etil alkol), düşük dozlardan başlayarak psikomotor ve bilişsel süreçlerde bozulmaya neden olur. Kandaki alkol konsantrasyonu, genel olarak "alkol metre" adı verilen cihaza üflenmesi yoluyla belirlenmektedir. Türkiye'de kan alkol konsantrasyonu promil olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bir promil 100 mg kanda 100 ml alkol bulunması demektir. Türkiye'de sürücüler için yasal sınır 0.5 promildir. Alkolin fizyolojik ve davranışsal etkilerini belirleyen pek çok faktör vardır. Bunlardan birisi alkole tolerans gelişmesidir. Öğrenme süreçleri aracılığıyla alkole tolerans gelişmesi ve bunun trafik kazalarındaki rolü metin içinde tartışılmıştır. Alkolün etkisi altında iken araç kullanma trafik kazalarının en önemli nedenleri arasındadır. Ülkemizde trafik kazalarının yaklaşık %5-6'sı alkollü araç kullanımından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu oran Batı ülkelerinde %4050'lere ulaşmaktadır. Alkol ile birlikte alınan başta mariyuana olmak üzere kokain, eroin gibi maddeler ve tedavi amaçlı kullanılan ilaçlar da kaza riskini artırmaktadır. Alkollün neden olduğu ölümcül kazalarda en büyük risk grubunu gençler oluşturmaktadır. Gençlerin sürücülük ve alkol alma deneyimlerinin daha az olması kaza yapma risklerini artırmaktadır. İnsanların alkollü araç kullanmalarını etkileyen pek çok faktör vardır: Yaş, cinsiyet gibi demografik özellikler, heyecan arama, risk alma gibi kişilik özellikleri, kişinin alkolün etkisine ilişkin tutum, beklenti ve inançları gibi faktörler. Alkollü araç kullanımını önlemeye yönelik olarak yapılan çalışmalar, yasal alkol sınırını azaltmaya yönelik düzenlemelerin ve alkol denetimlerinin en etkili yöntemler olduğunu göstermiştir.
Alcohol, Learning Processes and Traffic Accidents
Alcohol (ethyl alcohol) impairs psychomotor and cognitive abilities even at low doses. The most common method of determining blood alcohol concentration is to take breath sample by a device known as Breathalyzer. Blood alcohol concentration has been described as "promil" in Turkey. One promil is equal to 100 mg alcohol per 100 ml of blood. The legal limit for drivers is 0.5 promil in Turkey. Studies have explored a number of factors that may account for the physiological and behavioral effects of alcohol such as tolerance development. The role of development of tolerance to alcohol throughout learning processes on traffic accidents has been discussed in this paper. Drunk driving is among the major reasons of traffic accidents. In Turkey, drunk driving accounts for 5-6% of traffic accidents. This rate has been 40-50% in western cultures. In addition, the risk of fatal crashes has been increased if alcohol has been taken with substances, such as marijuana, cocaine, heroine and drugs used for the treatment of physical diseases. Young drivers are under the highest risk to be involved in alcohol related crashes. This is probably due to young people's relative inexperience with driving and drinking. It has been reported that various possible factors may be responsible from drunk driving, such as demographic characteristics (e.g., age, and gender), personality traits (e.g., sensation seeking, and risk taking), attitudes, expectancies, and beliefs about destructive effects of alcohol. Studies have pointed out that the most effective interventions to control alcohol impaired driving are to lower legal alcohol limits and to increase sobriety checkpoints.

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