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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 12; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 2004;12(1):38-43
Kurum bakımı ve çocuk ruh sağlığı: Bire bir iletişimin önemi
AŞ Soysal, N Gürhan, F Şahin, F Paslı
Amaç: Ülkemizde yirmi bin çocuk korunmaya muhtaç olup, kurum bakımı almaktadır. Bu kurumlarda temel bakım hizmetleri gruplar halinde verildiği için aile ortamından farklı bir iletişim kurulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada yuva çocuklarının duygudurumları araştırılmış ve bire bir iletişimin bunun üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Gazi Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu öğrencilerinden oluşan 16 kişilik bir grup stajyer iki aylık zaman dilimi içerisinde Atatürk Çocuk Yuva’ sında bakımları yapılan 6-12 yaş grubunda yer alan 33 çocukla haftada bir gün sekiz saat birlikte olarak psikolojik destek vermişlerdir. Bu ziyaretler öncesinde ve sonrasında çocukların duygudurumlarını belirlemek amacıyla Çocuklar İçin Depresyon Ölçeği (ÇDÖ) ve Speilberger Durumluk — Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği (DKÖ-SKÖ) uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: 33 çocuğun akranlarına göre ilk uygulanan duygudurum testlerinden yüksek puanlar aldıkları, bire bir etkileşimin ardından depresyon ve durumluk kaygı puanlarının düştüğü, ancak sürekli kaygılarının devam ettiği görülmüştür (p<.05). Tartışma: Kurumlarda yaşayan çocukların fiziksel gereksinimleri karşılansa bile bire bir ilginin eksikliği duygudurumlarında sorunlar yaratmaktadır. Bu bire bir ilginin geçici olarak kurumlarda çalışan kişilerden bile sağlanması çocukların ruh sağlığına olumlu katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu durumun süreklilik kazanması için kurumlarda güven ve sevgi ortamını hissettirebilecek bire bir bakım veren personelin sayısı artırılmalı ve koruyucu aile sistemine geçilmesi özendirilmelidir.

Institutional care and child’s mental health: The importance of one to one communication
Objective: In our country, twenty thousand children are in need of shelter and taking institutional care. Because in these institutions, basic care service is given in groups the communication is built apart from a family atmosphere. In this study the emotional situation of the orphanage children are researched and the effects of one to one communication on this are inspected. Method: In a time period of two [month]s,a group of interns of 16 from Gazi University Nursery College provided psychological aid to the 33 children in the 6-12 age group having guardianship in the Atatürk Orphanage by coming together once a week 8 hours a day. Before and after the visits, in order to determine the children’s emotional condition, Children Depression Scaling and Children State Trait Anxiety Envantory are applied. Findings: In the first emotional situation tests applied, the 33 children have obtained high scores compared to their equals. After, the one to one Communications the depression and situational anxiety points are decreased, however their continuous anxiety persisted. Discussion: Despite the physical needs of the children dwelling in the institutions are met, due to the lack of one to one concern it causes problems in the emotional situation. Even this one to one concern is temporarily obtained from people employed in the institutions; it makes positive contribution to the psychology of the children. For this to be continuous in the institutions making the trust and love environment felt the number of staff providing one to one concern should be increased and it should be encouraged to make a transition to protective family system.

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