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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 16; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2015;16(4):294-300
Cinsel istismara uğrayan çocuk ve ergenlerde psikopatoloji ve ilişkili risk etkenleri
HA Taner, FH Çetin, Y Işık, E İşeri.
Kastamonu Dr. Münif İslamoğlu Devlet Hastanesi, Kastamonu
Amaç: Bu çalışmada cinsel istismara uğrayan çocuklarda istismar ile ilgili özellikler, istismar sonrası erken dönemde gelişen psikiyatrik bozukluklar ve psikiyatrik bozukluklarla ilişkili etkenlerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 2011 ve 2012 yılları içinde adli makamlar tarafından değerlendirme amacıyla doğrudan Gazi Üniversitesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı’na doğrudan gönderilen çocuk ve ergen cinsel istismar olgularına ait veriler geriye dönük olarak dosya taramasıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Olgulara konan tanılar DSM-IV-TR sistemine göre belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar: Araştırmaya 107 istismar mağduru çocuk ve ergen alınmıştır. Olguların 90’ı (%84.1) kız, 17’si (%15.9) erkektir. İstismar öncesi olguların 26’sının (%24.2) psikiyatrik tanı öyküsünün olduğu saptanmıştır. Olgulara istismar sonrası konan tanılar değerlendirildiğinde, %77.6’sına en az bir psikiyatrik tanı konmuş olduğu belirlenmiştir. İstismardan önce psikiyatrik bozukluğun bulunması, istismarcının aile dışından önceden tanınan biri olması, ensest, istismarın birçok kez gerçekleşmesi, penetrasyonun olması ve fiziksel şiddetin eşlik etmesinin psikopatoloji gelişimi ile artı yönde ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Yapılan çoklu lojistik regresyon analizinde cinsel istismardan önce herhangi bir psikiyatrik tanı konmuş olma, birden çok kez istismara uğramış olma ve cinsel istismara fiziksel şiddetin eşlik etmesi durumlarının birlikte görüldüğü durumlarda istismardan sonra herhangi bir psikopatoloji gelişme riskinin 175 kat arttığı saptanmıştır. Tartışma: Çocukluk çağı cinsel istismarı sıklıkla ruhsal sorunlara neden olan bir travmadır. Bununla ilişkili etkenlerin belirlenmesi çocuk cinsel istismar olgularının izleme ve tedavisinde yön gösterici olacaktır.
Psychopathology in abused children and adolescents and related risk factors
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to sexual abuse, developing early psychopathologies after sexual abuse and the factors related to these psychopathologies. Methods: In this study, the sexually abused children and adolescents who were referred to Gazi University Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department for criminal reports between 2011 and 2012 were assessed retrospectively. Psychiatric diagnosis were made by using DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria. Results: The study included 107 sexually abused children. The sample consisted of 90 girls (84.1%) and 17 boys (15.9%). The number of participants who had a history of sexual abuse was 26 (24.2%). After the abuse, 77.6% of the patients were found to have a psychiatric diagnosis. It was also determined that having a psychiatric disorder history before the abuse, being abused by a known person out of the family, incest, multiple abuses, sexual abuse with penetration and accompanying physical violence is positively related to having a psychopathology after the abuse. It was detected in multiple logistic regression analysis that cases which had all of these three factors as having any psychiatric diagnosis before sexual abuse, being abused repeatedly and accompanying physical violence with sexual abuse, had the risk of having a psychopathology after the abuse 175 times higher than the others. Discussion: Early childhood sexual abuse often leads to mental health problems. Determining the factors associated with child sexual abuse and psychiatric disorders will be guiding at the follow-up and treatment of child sexual abuse cases

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