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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 25; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2014;25(4):264-281
Türkiye'de Psikiyatrik Epidemiyoloji: Yakın Zamanlı Araştırmalarda Temel Bulgular ve Gelecek İçin Öneriler
T Binbay, N Direk, T Aker, Y Akvardar, K Alptekin, C Cimilli, B Çam, A Deveci, Bk Gültekin, V Şar, O Taycan, H Ulaş
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir
Amaç: Son yıllarda Türkiye’de psikiyatri alanında yapılmış epidemiyolojik araştırmalarda öne çıkan bulguların, eksikliklerin ve ayrıca ilgili araştırma alanlarında gelecekte neler yapılabileceğinin derlenmesi ve tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmaları saptamak için PubMed ve Türk Psikiyatri Dizini tarandı. Genel toplum örneklemlerinde ve alt özel gruplarda yapılan, 2000-2012 arasında yayınlanmış makaleler dâhil edildi. Saptanan makaleler depresyon, anksiyete, travma ile ilişkili, psikotik, disosiyatif, konversiyon, alkol ve madde kullanımına bağlı bozukluklar ve kişilik bozuklukları ile yaşlılarda görülen yaygın psikiyatrik hastalıklar olarak sınıflandırıldı. Bulgular: Türkiye’de psikiyatrik hastalıklar için yeni epidemiyolojik araştırmalar yapılmakla birlikte bu araştırmalar sistematik değildir ve epidemiyolojik veri ya da sağlık hizmetlerine bilgi sağlamak için yapılmamaktadır. İkincisi, araştırmalar belirli alanlarda ve kurumlarda yoğunlaşmaktadır. Üçüncüsü, Türkiye genel toplumunu yakından ilgilendiren ve bilimsel anlamda da önem taşıyan doğal afetler, göç, toplumsal çatışma gibi konularda süreklileşmiş araştırmalar bulunmamaktadır. Dördüncüsü, depresyon gibi temel araştırma alanlarında nitelikli epidemiyolojik araştırmalar azalmaktadır. Beşincisi, neden-sonuç ilişkisine veri sağlayabilecek yeni kuşak epidemiyolojik araştırmalar (izlem, genetik, genel toplumda genetik ya da biyogösterge çalışmaları gibi) çok nadirdir. Sonuç: Türkiye’de psikiyatrik epidemiyoloji ve araştırmalar yeterli bir bilimsel zemine sahip olmakla birlikte, özgün gelişim dinamiklerini değerlendirmekten uzaktır. Yakın gelecekte yapılacak yeni kuşak epidemiyolojik araştırmalar, özellikle doğal afetler, toplumsal zorluklar, hızlı kentleşme ve göçün psikiyatriye yansımaları ile ilgili bilimsel kaynaklara özgün katkıların yapılmasını sağlayabilir.
Psychiatric Epidemiology in Turkey: Main Advances in Recent Studies and Future Directions
Objective: To overview and evaluate the main findings, methodological shortcomings, and time trends of the recent psychiatric epidemiology studies in Turkey, as well as to provide areas prone for development in forthcoming research. Method: PubMed and Turkish Psychiatry Index were screened to identify relevant studies. Any epidemiological study from 2000 to 2012 with a general population or unique sub-population sample was included. Papers and results were classified as depression, anxiety, psychotic, dissociative, conversion, personality, alcohol and substance abuse, and trauma-related disorders, and common geriatric disorders. Results: There are various epidemiological studies on various psychiatric disorders in Turkey. However, there are main shortcomings and trends in research that subsequently stagnate current psychiatric epidemiological research. First, epidemiological studies were mainly conducted for academic purposes, not for addressing epidemiological issues or issues of health policy. Second, studies mainly focused on particular fields and institutions, which led to non-systematic accumulation of epidemiological results. Third, although Turkey is a natural laboratory of social conflicts and disasters, there were few studies with a focus on probable outcomes. Fourth, high-quality epidemiological studies with disseminating results tended to decrease, even in common mental disorders such as depression. Fifth, there were very few epidemiological studies using contemporary designs such as follow-up, genetic, or biomarker data in the general-population. Conclusion: Although psychiatric epidemiological studies of the last decade provide a suitable ground for future challenges, current trends in this research area has tended to stagnate, despite the potential for unique contributions. Forthcoming studies and researchers may notice novel methodological developments in epidemiology, with a growing attention on rapid urbanization, natural disasters, social conflicts, and migration.

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