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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 16; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2015;16(1):60-64
Psikiyatristlerde ve psikiyatri asistanlarında bilişsel-davranişçi terapi hakkında mitler ve yanlış bilinenler
E Ertekin, BM Ergun, MZ Sungur
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Bilişsel-davranışçı terapi (BDT) yaygın olarak kullanılan bir psikoterapi biçimidir. Çeşitli ruhsal sorunlardaki etkililiği kanıtlanmış olmakla birlikte, hakkında çeşitli yanlış inançlar ve mitler de bulunmaktadır. Bu mitlerin bazıları sadece hastalarda yaygın olmakla kalmaz ve psikiyatri alanında çalışan klinisyenler tarafından da paylaşılır. Bu çalışmanın birincil amacı Türkiye’de psikiyatristler ve psikiyatri asistanları arasında BDT ile ilişkili mitleri ve yanlış bilinenleri saptamak ve bunları bir grup Avrupalı psikiyatri asistanından elde edilen verilerle karşılaştırmaktır. Böylece psikiyatri alanında çalışan genç profesyonellerde bulunabilecek BDT ile ilgili olası yanlış bilgiler, BDT’nin tanıtımı ve yaygınlaştırılması çabaları sırasında dikkat edilmesi gereken noktaların belirlenmesinde yardımcı olacak biçimde kullanılabilecektir. Yöntem: Katılımcıların aşağıdaki değişkenler üzerine görüşlerini saptamak amacıyla araştırmacılar tarafından bir soru formu geliştirilmiştir: psikoterapiye olan kişisel ilgi düzeyi, çalıştıkları kurumda BDT eğitimi olup olmadığı ve kurslara katılarak ayrıca eğitim alıp almadıkları, çeşitli psikiyatrik bozukluklarda BDT’nin etkinliği ve BDT hakkındaki bazı yaygın mitler ve yanlış bilinenler. Toplam 140 katılımcı –Türkiye’den 73 psikiyatri asistanı ve uzmanlık eğitimini tamamlamalarının üzerinden en fazla beş yıl geçmiş olan 33 genç psikiyatrist ile ülkemizde düzenlenen yıllık toplantı için değişik Avrupa ülkelerinden gelen Avrupa Psikiyatri Asistanları Federasyonu (European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees, EFPT) üyesi 34 asistan- formu doldurdu. Bulgular: Örneklemin büyük bir kısmı psikoterapi ile ilgilendiğini bildirdi (n:110, %78,5) ve EFPT üyeleri arasında bu oran diğer gruptan yüksekti. Katılımcıların %32,1’i psikiyatri uzmanlık eğitimi programlarında BDT eğitimi bulunduğunu bildirdi ancak sadece %2,9’u kurumlarındaki BDT eğitimini ‘yeterli’ buluyordu. Türk ve Avrupalı asistanlar arasında kurumlarındaki terapi süpervizyonunu yeterli bulanların oranı açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu. Katılımcıların %40,7’si (n:57) BDT’nin en çok ilgilendikleri psikoterapi türü olduğunu bildirdi ve bu BDT’nin en fazla katılımcı tarafından ilgilenilen psikoterapi okulu olduğunu gösterdi. BDT başlıca anksiyete bozuklukları için bir tedavi biçimi olarak görülüyordu ancak şizofreni, bipolar bozukluk ya da kişilik bozuklukları gibi daha ağır bozukluklar için bu durum geçerli değildi. Katılımcıların %37,1’i BDT’nin şizofreni hastaları için uygulanmaması gerektiğini bildirirken, önemli oranda katılımcının BDT’nin uygulanmaması gerektiğini düşündüğü diğer iki durum bipolar bozukluk ve kişilik bozuklukları idi (oranlar sırasıyla %28,6 ve %22,9). BDT’yi yüzeysel, duyguları dikkate almayan, sadece semptomatik düzelme sağlayan bir yaklaşım olarak tanımlayan mitlere kısmen ya da tümüyle inananların oranı bu mitlerin her biri için yarıdan fazlaydı.
Misconceptions and myths about cognitive-behavioral therapy among psychiatrists and psychiatry residents
Objective: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a widely used form of psychotherapy. Despite its well established efficacy for various psychological problems, it is surrounded by numerous false beliefs and myths. Some of these myths are not only common in clients, but are also shared by clinicians working in the area of psychiatry. Therefore, this study primarily aimed to detect the myths related to CBT that are common among psychiatrists and psychiatry residents in Turkey and in a sample of non Turkish European psychiatry residents. Methods: A questionnaire was developed by the researchers to detect the participants’ opinions on the following variables: personal interest in psychotherapy, CBT training available in the institution they work and formal training through courses, the effectiveness of CBT on various psychiatric disorders and some of the common myths and misconceptions about CBT. A total of 140 participants -73 psychiatry trainees, 33 young psychiatrists from Turkey and 34 members of The European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT) from different European countries who were in Turkey for the annual forum of EFPT- completed the questionnaire. Results: The data revealed that only 32.1% of participants have education / training on CBT in their psychiatry training programs and only 2.9% of the whole study group rated CBT training in their institution as ‘sufficient’. 40.7% of participants (n:57) reported that CBT is the type of psychotherapy they are most interested in. CBT was seen as a treatment primarily for anxiety disorders but not in more severe disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar and personality disorders. 37.1% of the participants declared that they think CBT should not be used for patients with schizophrenia whereas the other two conditions in which CBT regarded as ‘should not be used’ by a significant number of participants were bipolar disorder and personality disorders (28.6% and 22.9% respectively). Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate the need to evaluate alternative and better ways of promoting CBT in order to reduce misunderstandings and improve good practice amongst professionals working in the area of psychiatry. The findings indicate the need to promote CBT and increase awareness for possible misconceptions and myths that have grown up around CBT. This will help reduce myths and misconceptions about CBT. Therefore it will also improve good practice amongst psychotherapy professionals and motivate purchasers and clients to demand help for a wide range of psychological problems that CBT may be effective as a means to reduce suffering.

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