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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 18; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2011;18(3):155-174
Wechsler çocuklar için zeka ölçeği yeniden gözden geçirilmiş formunun dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğunda ölçtüğü özellikler
EE Bakar, AŞ Soysal, N Kiriş, YI Taner, S Karakaş
Ufuk Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Ankara
Amaç: Çalışmamızın temel amacı WÇZÖ-R'nirı Türk sağlıklı ve DEHB örneklemlerinde ölçtüğü özellikleri belirlemektir. Diğer amaçlar arasında; DEHB grubunun WÇZÖ-R'nin hangi alt testlerinden düşük puanlar elde ettiğini ortaya koymak; WÇZÖ-R puanları yoluyla DEHB için bir profil elde edilme durumunu belirlemek; katılımcıları DEHB ve sağlıklı gruplara WÇZÖ-R ile sınıflamadaki doğruluk oranını belirlemek yer almaktadır. Yöntem: Klinik örneklemi DSM-IV ölçütlerine göre DEHB tanısı alan, psikiyatri kliniğine ilk kez başvurmuş, bu bozuklukla ilgili hiç ilaç kullanmamış, normal sınırlar içinde zeka bölümüne (ZB: 80-129) sahip, görme ve işitme bozukluğu bulunmayan, 6-12 yaş grubunda 415 erkek olgu oluşturmuştur. Kontrol grubunu ise herhangi bir psikiyatrik tanı almamış, diğer özellikler açısından DEHB grubuyla eşleşmiş 259 katılımcıdan oluşturmuştur. Zekanın ölçülmesinde WÇZÖ-R ve Raven Standart Progresif Matrisler Testi (RSPM) kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar: Grubun WÇZÖ-R ve RSPM puanları üzerindeki etkisi, yaşın istatistiksel olarak kontrol edildiği çok değişkenli varyarıs analizi ile incelenmiştir. Analizler grup etkisinin anlamlı olduğunu ortaya koymuş, WÇZÖ-R'nin ve RSPM'in tüm puanlarında anlamlı farklar elde edilmiştir. Temel bileşenler analizi kullanılarak sağlıklı çocuklar için elde edilen faktör örüntüsü, WÇZÖ-R'nin yapısıyla uyumlu olarak sözel, performans ve dikkat faktörlerini ayrı ayrı içermiştir. DEHB'li çocuklarda ise bu örüntünün bozulduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma gruplarının WÇZÖ-R alt test puanlarından yordanabilirliği lojistik regreyon analizi uygulanarak incelenmiş ve DEHB grubuna ilişkin yordamalardaki doğruluk oranı % 84.80, sağlıklı katılımcı grubuna ilişkin yordamanın doğruluğu ise % 45.60 olarak bulunmuştur. Analize RSPM puanları dahil edildiğinde yordamadaki doğruluk oranı DEHB grubunda % 84.80 olarak kalmış, sağlıklı katılımcı grubunda oran % 68.20'ye yükselmiştir. Tartışma: Elde edilen sonuçlar DEHB ve sağlıklı katılımcıları ayırt etmede WÇZÖ-R'nin yeterli olmadığını göstermektedir. DEHB'in tanı, tedavi ve izleminde WÇZÖ-R'nin yeni versiyonu olan WISC-IV'ün ne derece bir üstünlük taşıdığını gelecekteki araştırmalar ortaya koyacaktır. Mevcut durumda, WÇZÖ-R'nin ülkemiz çocukları üzerinde standardizasyon çalışması yapılmış olan nöropsikolojik testlerden oluşan bataryalarla birlikte kullanılmasının yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
clinical use and characterictics of Wechsler Intelligence Scale revised form in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A multicenter study
Öz (Yabanci): Objective: The primary purpose was to show the level of accuracy that WISC-R scores provide when classifying participants into the ADHD and the healthy control groups. The others were: to show the validity of WISC-R or the extent to which WISC-R measures those characteristics that the test is designed to measure; to find out the scores of Wechsler Intelligence Scale Revised (WISC-R) where patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show significantly lower performance; to find out whether WISC-R scores allows for a DEHB profile. Method: The clinical sample consisted of 415 male participants in the age range of 6-12 [year]s. Cases were diagnosed as ADHD patients according to DSM-IV criteria, were unmedicatedfirst referrals and did not have uncorrected visual or auditory impairments. Their Intelligence Quotient (IQ: 80-129) was in the normal range. The control group consisted of259 male participants without ant psychiatric diagnoses. The group was similar to the clinical group with respect to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Intelligence was measured using WISC-R and Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM). Results: The effect of group (ADHD, healthy control group) on the WISC-R and RSPM scores were examined using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA), where age served as the covariate. Group had significant effects on WISC-R and RSPM scores. Consistent with the structure of WISC-R, Principal Component Analysis obtainedfrom the WISC-R scores of the control group revealed three separate factors, corresponding to verbal IQ, performance IQ and attention. The factor structure obtained by the ADHD group was not as organized. The predictability of group membership from the subtest scores of WISC-R was examined by performing Logistic Regression Analysis. Results showed that while the accuracy of prediction in classifying the ADHD patients was 84.80%, it was 45.60% in classifying the healthy participants. When RSPM scores were included in the analyses, the accuracy of the prediction increased to 68.20 % in the control group whereas there was no change in the accuracy rate for the ADHD group. Discussion: Results obtainedfrom the present study revealed that WISC-R scores do not sufficiently distinguish between the ADHD patients. Future studies will show whether the newer version of WISC-R (WISC-IV) has a stronger discriminative value. As it is, authors recommend the utilization of standardized neuropsychological tests along with WISC-R in the diagnostic procedures pertaining to ADHD.

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