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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 22; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2012;22(4):313-319
Evaluation of the incidence of leukopenia and agranulocytosis in patients receiving combined clozapine and other antipsychotics
A Akpinar, O Salis
Department of Psychiatry, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta - Turkey
Amaç: Bu çalışmada klozapin ile birlikte başka bir antipsikotik kullanan hastalarda lökopeni ve agranülositoz sıklığının klinik pratikte değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma verileri 2011 yılında Samsun Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hastanesi yataklı tedavi ünitesinde takip edilen şizofreni hastalarının dosya verilerinin geriye dönük incelenmesi ile elde edilmiştir. Klozapin ile birlikte kullanılan antipsikotikler ve dozları, hastaların yaşı, cinsiyeti, tedavinin izlem süresi (hafta), izlemleri sırasındaki lökosit düzeyleri tespit edilmiştir. Klozapin ile birlikte kullanılan farklı antipsikotikler ile lökosit düzeyleri (3500-4000, 3000-3499 ve <2000) arasındaki kategorik sınıflandırılmasının karşılaştırılması değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Bu çalışma 92 hastanın verilerini içermektedir. Çalışma grubunun yaş ortalaması 40.9±10.8 (yaş aralığı: 21-70) idi. Cinsiyetler; 31 (%33.7) kadın, 61 (%66.3) erkek olarak saptanmıştır. Klozapin ile birlikte kullanılan antipsikotiklerin oranları; amilsülpirid 27 (%29.3), risperidon 20 (%21.7), ketiapin 20 (%21.7), olanzapin 10 (%10.3), haloperidol 8 (%8.7), paliperidon 4 (%4.3), aripiprazol 3 (%3.3) olarak saptanmıştır. Bu kombinasyonların ortalama 8.5±9.4 haftalık (2-52 hafta) tedavi izlemi sırasında; lökosit düzeyi 3500-4000 µL aralığında olan 2 (%2.1) (olanzapin: 1 ve haloperidol: 1), 3000-3499 µL aralığında olan 2 (%2.1) (risperdon: 2) ve 2000 µL altında 1 (%1.1) hasta (risperdon: 1) saptanmıştır. Klozapin ile birlikte kullanılan bu farklı antipsikotikler ile lökosit düzeyi 3500-4000 µL, 3000-3499 µL ve <2000 µL düzeyinde olanlar ile >4000 µL olanlar karşılaştırıldığında her iki grup dağılımları arasında istatistiksel anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Lökosit düzeyi <3500 µL düzeyinde saptanan (n=3 (%3.2)) hastalardan; lökosit düzeyi 3000-3499 µL aralığında bulunan hastalar klinik olarak sorunsuz takip edilmiş, bununla birlikte lökosit <2000 olan 1 (1.1%) hasta; agranülositoz ve araya giren infeksiyon sebebiyle fatal seyrettiği saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Klozapin ile yapılan farklı antipsikotik kombinasyonlarında lökopeni ve agranülositoz oluşturma riski açısından bir farklılık saptanmamıştır. Sonraki çalışmalarla bu bulguların teyit edilmesi gerekir.
Klozapin ile birlikte başka bir antipsikotik kullanan hastalarda lökopeni ve agranülositoz sıklığının değerlendirilmesi
Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate of the incidence of leukopenia and agranulocytosis in patients receiving a combination of clozapine and other antipsychotics in clinical practice.
Methods: The data for this study were collected by retrospective analysis of the charts of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia at the Samsun Mental Health and Diseases Hospital in 2011. The dose of clozapine and the doses of other antipsychotics, the ages and genders of the patients, the duration of follow up (weeks) and leukocyte counts during follow up were recorded. The relationship between the use of clozapine and other antipsychotics and the categorical classification of leukocyte counts (3500-4000/µL, 3000-3499/µL or <2000/µL) was determined.
Results: The study included data for 92 patients. The mean age of the patients was 40.9±10.8 [year]s (range: 21-70). Thirty-one (33.7%) were female and 61 (66.3%) were male. The rate of combinations with other antipsychotics included: amisulpride 27 (29.3%), risperidone 20 (21.7%), quetiapine 20 (21.7%), olanzapine 10 (10%), haloperidol 8 (8.7%), paliperidone 4 (4.3%), and aripiprazole 3 (3.3%). During a mean 8.5±9.4 week (2-52 week) follow up with these combinations, leukocyte counts were between 3500-4000/µL in 2 out of 92 patients (2.1%; olanzapine, n=1, haloperidol, n=1), between 3000-3499/µL in 2 patients (2.1%, risperidone, n=2) and lower than 2000/µL in 1 patient (1.1%, risperidone, n=1). No statistically significant difference was detected in the comparison of patients who had leukocyte counts between 3500-4000/µL, 3000-3499/µL or <2000/µL with those who had counts >4000/µL in patients receiving a combination of these different antipsychotics and clozapine. Leukocyte counts were decreased to lower than 3500/µL in 3 (3.2%) patients. Two (2.1%) of these patients who had leukocyte counts of 3000-3499/ µL were followed without any problem and one patient (1.1%), who had a leukocyte count of < 2000 µL followed a fatal course due to agranulocytosis and complicating infections.
Conclusions: No difference was detected with respect to the risk of leukopenia and agranulocytosis with different antipsychotic combinations with clozapine. These findings must be confirmed by further studies.

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