Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2012; Cilt: 23; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2012;23(2):82-88
3-5 Yaş Grubu Kurum Bakımındaki Çocuklarda Ruhsal Hastalık Sıklığı ve İlişkili Etmenler
M Ayaz, AB Ayaz, ŞS Başgül, I Karakaya, ŞG Şişmanlar, A Yar, E Şentürk, S Dikmen
Sakarya Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi, Sakarya
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, kurum bakımında yaşayan 3-5 yaş aralığındaki çocukların ruhsal bozukluk sıklığını ve şiddetini saptamayı, ruhsal bozukluk tanıları ile ilişkili etmenleri araştırmayı ve elde edilen bulguları kendi aileleri tarafından büyütülen çocukların oluşturduğu toplum örneklemi verileri ile karşılaştırmayı amaçladık.

Yöntem: Kocaeli ilindeki 3 kurumda kalan 34 çocuk yaş ve cinsiyet açısından eşleştirildikleri toplum örneklemi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çocuklar DSM IV'e dayalı klinik görüşme kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Veri toplamada sosyodemografik bilgi formu ve Erken Çocukluk Envanteri-4 (EÇE-4) ebeveyn formu kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Kurum çocuklarının daha fazla ruhsal bozukluk tanısı aldığı görülmüştür. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu, reaktif bağlanma bozukluğu, karşıt olma karşı gelme bozukluğu, davranım bozukluğu ve yaygın gelişimsel bozukluk belirti şiddetinin kurum çocuklarında toplum örnekleminden daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yaş, baba ile geçirilen süre, kurumda geçirilen süre, kardeş sayısı, fiziksel nedenlerle hastaneye başvuru sayısı ve kuruma verilmeden önce istismar öyküsü ruhsal belirtileri yordayıcı etkenler olarak saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Bu bulgular kurum çocuklarının ruhsal bozukluklar açısından risk altında olduğunu ve bu çocuklar için kurum bakımı kadar koruyucu önlemlerin de önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuçlarımız kurum bakımındaki çocukların ruh sağlığının korunması açısından gerekli adımların atılması gerektiğini düşündürmüştür.
Prevelance of mental disorders and associated factors in institutionalized 3-5 [year] old children
Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the prevelance and severity of mental disorders in institutionalized children between the ages of 3-5 [year]s, investigate the factors associated with the mental disorders and compare these findings with the data of a community sample composed of children who were raised by their own families.

Method: Thirty-four children raised in three institutions in Kocaeli were compared with an age- and sex-matched community sample. Children were assessed according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. The Socio-demographic information form, and Early Childhood Inventory-4 (ECI-4) parent scale were used for data collection.

Results: Children that were reared in institutions had evidence of higher rates of mental disorders. In institution-reared children, symptom severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, reactive attachment disorder, oppositional deficient disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder were higher than the community subjects. Age, time spent with father, duration of institutionalization, number of siblings, number of hospital admissions because of physical symptoms and presence of abuse before institutional care were determined to be predictive factors for psychiatric symptoms.

Conclusion: These findings revealed that institutionalized children are at risk for mental disorders and protective measures are as important as instutional care for these children. Our results suggest that essential steps should be taken to protect the mental health of children in institutional care.

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