Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2012; Cilt: 49; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2012;49(1):29-32
Multipl Sklerozda Kognitif Etkilenme; 5 Yıllık Takip Çalışması
DY Kuşçu, B Topçular, D Kırbaş, M Kandemir, A Ünal
Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Kognitif bozukluk, erken dönemden itibaren MS hastalarının %65'inde görülebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, uzun dönem takipte kognitif bozukluktaki değişimi araştırmak ve hastalık özellikleriyle ilişkisini saptamaktır.
Yön­tem­ler: Yirmibeş MS hastası ortalama 5,3 yıllık (4,9-5,8) takip süresi ardından tekrar değerlendirildi. Hastalık süresi, tipi, ilk ve son değerlendirmedeki EDSS kaydedildi. Tüm hastalar detaylı bir nöropsikolojik değerlendirmeden geçti. Major depresyonu olanlar dışlandı.
Bul­gu­lar: Ortalama yaşı 39,2±9,3 olan hastaların 15'i erkek, 10'u kadındı. Ortalama hastalık süresi 11,4±5,14 yıl, başlangıç ve en son kontroldeki EDSS skorları sırasıyla 2,92±1,52 ve 3,56±1,92 bulundu. Takip sonrası tekrarlanan testlerden Corsi Block-Tapping Testte hastalar düşük performans gösterdi (p<0,001) ve sözel bellek süreçleri testinde (VMPT), en fazla kelime öğrendikleri satırda anlamlı farklılık görüldü (p<0,001). WMS-görsel, kısa süreli bellek puanlarında hafif bir düşme görüldü, toplam hatırlama puanlarında ise anlamlı bir azalma saptandı (p<0,001). Hastalık süresi uzun olan hastalarda, yürütücü işlevlerde "stroop test" (p<0,001) ve "Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)"lerine göre anlamlı bir bozulma da saptandı. Ayrıca saat çizme testinde de bir bozulma gözlendi. Dil işlevlerinin korunduğu görüldü. Hastalık süresi ≥10 yıl olan hastalarda stroop, saat çizimi, Benton Line Orientation Test (BLOT), WCST, ve VMPT testlerinde daha düşük skorlar elde edilmiştir.
So­nuç: Kognitif etkilenme zaman içerisinde artış gösterme eğilimindedir. Bu çalışmada özürlülük derecesi ile kognitif bozulma arasında bir anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Fakat hastalık süresi ile bazı testlerin ilişkili olabileceği gözlenmiştir.
Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis: A 5- [year] Follow-up
Objectives: Cognitive impairment can be demonstrated in 40 to 65% of MS patients, starting from early stages. The aim of this study was to investigate
alteration in cognitive impairment during long-term follow-up and the association with the disease characteristics.
Method: Twenty-five MS patients (15 men, 10 women) were reexamined after an average of 5.3 [year]s (range: 4.9-5.8). The disease duration, type, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores at the initial and last evaluations were recorded. They underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Major depression was excluded.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 39.2±9.3 [year]s and the mean duration of the disease was 11.4±5.14 [year]s. The mean EDSS score at the beginning and last follow-up were 2.92±1.52 and 3.56±1.92, respectively. At the end of the follow-up period, the patients performed poorly on the Corsi Block-Tapping Test (p<0.001) and there was a significant difference in maximum word line in the verbal memory processes test (VMPT) (p<0.001). Short-term memory scores, assessed with the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), decreased slightly, but the total recall score was significantly worse (p<0.001). There was also significant decrease in executive functions according to the stroop test (p<0.001), and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) results in patients with a longer disease course were worse. Besides, there was a trend for worsening in the clock-drawing test. The [language] skills were well preserved. Patients with a disease duration of ≥10 [year]s scored worse on the stroop test, clock-drawing test, Benton Line Orientation Test (BLOT), WCST, and VMPT.
Discussion: The cognitive deficits tended to worsen during long-term follow-up. There was no correlation between severity of disability and cognitive impairment. However, there seems to be an association between results of some tests and disease duration.

http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-orange-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-clutch-29cm-croco-white-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-32cm-ostrich-vein-6108-black-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-clutch-29cm-croco-dark-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-herbag-31cm-green-canvas-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-wallet-camel-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-men-h-belt-138-silver-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-so-kelly-28cm-togo-leather-shoulder-bag-green-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-32cm-togo-leather-6108-electric-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbag-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-burgundy.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-bolide-31cm-togo-leather-pink-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-handbag-crocodile-leather-green-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-23cm-croco-leather-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-pink-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-elephant-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-dark-blue-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-electric-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-h-wallet-royal-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbags-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-electric-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-burgundy.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-epsom-leather-grey-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-elephant-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-wallet-h005-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-camel-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-wallet-togo-leather-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-herbag-31cm-burgundy-canvas-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-kelly-22cm-epsom-leather-yellow-silver-with-chain-strap.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-30cm-birkin-bag-togo-leather-with-strap-light-pink-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-rose-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-clutch-29cm-croco-green.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-25cm-handbag-6068-orange-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-large-36cm-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-red-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-epsom-leather-pink-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-wallet-h005-in-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-picotin-lock-togo-leather-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-kelly-22cm-epsom-leather-green-silver-with-chain-strap.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-25cm-handbag-6068-orange-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbag-yellow-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-orange-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-camel-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-men-h-belt-138-gold-light-coffee.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-28cm-bag-togo-leather-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-large-36cm-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbag-burgundy-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-dark-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-light-coffee-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-so-kelly-28cm-togo-leather-shoulder-bag-hot-pink-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbags-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-white.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-36cm-leather-handbag-black-hot-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-handbag-crocodile-leather-brown-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-wallet-togo-leather-rose.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-bi-fold-wallet-h006-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-epsom-leather-red-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-black-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-men-h-belt-138-silver-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-bolide-31cm-togo-leather-orange-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-wallet-h005-h-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-burgundy.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-crocodile-leather-handbag-grey-white-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-red-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-dark-khaki-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-36cm-canvas-handbag-yellow.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-8616-handbag-cherry-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-orange-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-handbag-crocodile-leather-green-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-kelly-22cm-epsom-leather-yellow-silver-with-chain-strap.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-camel.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-green.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-green.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-23cm-togo-leather-orange-silver.html