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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 13; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2012;13(1):51-58
Çocuk cinsel istismarı olgularını değerlendiren meslek gruplarında dolaylı travmatizasyon
B Çolak, ŞG Şişmanlar, I Karakaya, N Etiler, Ü Biçer
Kocaeli Üniv. Tıp Fak. Adli Tıp ABD, Kocaeli
Amaç: Travmatik yaşantıyla dolaylı olarak karşılaşan kişilerde de travmayı doğrudan yaşayan kişilerinkine benzer klinik belirtiler ortaya çıkabilmekte ve etkilenmeye bağlı tutum ve davranışlarda değişiklikler görülebilmektedir. Çalışmada, cinsel istismara maruz kalan çocuk olguları değerlendiren meslek gruplarında çocuklara yönelik tutum ve davranış değişiklikleri ve çalışanlardaki ruhsal etkilenmeyi belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada adli tıp uzman ve asistanlarına (s=173), çocuk psikiyatrisi uzman ve asistanlarına (s=55) ve sosyal çalışma görevlileri-ne (s=61) Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu, Kocaeli-Tutum ve Davranış Ölçeği ile Kocaeli-Ruhsal Travma Kısa Tara-ma Ölçeği Formu verilmiştir. Kocaeli Tutum ve Davranış Ölçeğinde çocuklara yönelik olarak dış ortamdan gelebi-lecek tehlikeler, güvenli olduğu düşünülen kişi ve yerlerden gelebilecek tehlikeler, diğer çocuklarla temaslarda yanlış anlaşılma duygusu ve kendi veya yakını bir çocuğa yönelik davranışlardan kaçınma şeklinde dört temel alanda tutum ve davranış değişiklikleri değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %58.8'i nin erkek, %34.3'ü nün 26-30 yaş grubunda ve %64.7'si nin evli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların %37.8'i nin çocuk istismarı olgularını üç yıl veya daha kısa bir süredir değerlendirdikleri belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların istismar olgularını değer-lendirmeye başlamadan önceki ve sonraki tutum ve davranışları arasında, ölçeğin tüm sorularında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Tutum ve davranışlarda en fazla değişimin dış ortamdan gelebilecek tehlikelere ilişkin olduğu görülmüştür. Verilen yanıtlar arasında en fazla (%72.3) değişim ise, yakını olan çocuğun internette iletişim kurduğu kişilerden zarara uğrayabileceği düşüncesidir. Katılımcılara uygulanan Kocaeli-Ruhsal Travma Kısa Tarama Ölçeğine göre katılımcıların %50.9'unda travma sonrası stres bozukluğuna (TSSB) ait belirti saptan-mış olup, %11.4'ü ne olası TSSB tanısının konduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada çocuk istismarı ile ilgile-nen meslek gruplarında tutum ve davranışlarda anlamlı değişiklikler saptandığı ve olası TTSB tanısını düşündü-ren belirtiler ortaya çıktığı bulunmuştur. Bu durumun, çocuğun istismarı olgularını değerlendiren meslek grupların-daki dolaylı travmatizasyona bağlı bilişsel değişikliklerle ilişkili olduğu düşünülmüştür.
Vicarious traumatization in professionals working with sexually abused children
Objective: People exposed trauma indirectly may experience similar clinical symptoms to primary victims of the trauma and changes in attitudes and behaviors may arise related to the trauma. In this study, the aim was to evaluate alterations in professionals? attitudes and behaviors concerning children after they had begun to work with sexually abused children. Methods: The participants including specialists and residents of Forensic Medicine (n=173) and of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (n=55), and social workers (n=61) were completed sociodemographic questionnaire, Kocaeli Attitude and Behavior Scale (KABS) and Kocaeli Short Screening Scale for
Psychological Trauma. In KABS developed by the coordinator of the study, the assessment in attitudes and
behaviors was based on four domains concerning children: possible external dangers, possible dangers from
trusted people or places, feeling of misunderstood in contact with other children and feeling of misunderstood in
contact with own or close children. Results: It was found that 58.8% of the participants were male, 64.7% were
married, and the most frequent age range was between 26-30 [year]s (34.3%). Statistically significant differences
were found in all the items of KABS exploring attitudes and behaviors before and after they had started to work
with sexually abused children. The most prominent alteration in attitudes and behaviors was on ?possible external
dangers?. The mostly changed (72.3%) item was ?my child may get harm from people met online?. 50.9% of the
participants stated posttraumatic stress symptoms on Kocaeli Short Screening Scale for Psychological Trauma,
and 11.4% met criterion for possible diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Conclusion: The study
emphasize that the professionals working with sexually abused children may develop prominent changes in
attitudes and behaviors, and symptoms suggestive of PTSD. It was thought that this is probably associated with
the cognitive changes related to vicarious traumatization in trauma workers evaluating sexually abused children.

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