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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 12; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2011;12(4):258-265
Trabzon ilinde elli beş yaşından büyüklerde depresyon ve bilişsel bozulma yaygınlığı
Ö Kavakcı, M Bilici, G Çam, M Ülgen
Cumhuriyet Üniv. Tıp Fak. Psikiyatri ABD, Sivas
Amaç: Trabzon ilinde 55 yaş ve üzerindekilerde depresyon ve bilişsel bozulma yaygınlığını ve bu bozuklukların sosyodemografik değişkenlerle olan ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Yöntem: Trabzon ilini temsil eden 55 yaş ve üzeri 3093 kişi ile görüşülmüştür. Araştırmada sosyodemografik veri formu, Mini-Mental Durum Muaye-nesi Ölçeği Standart Formu (SMMDM), Geriatrik Depresyon Ölçeği, Modifiye Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri ve Enstrü-mental Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri Ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Trabzon ilinde 55 yaş üzeri grupta depresyon yaygınlığı %13.6, bilişsel bozulma yaygınlığı %17.1 olarak bulunmuştur. Depresyon varlığı anlamlı düzeyde kadınlarda ve bilişsel bozulması olanlarda saptanmıştır. Yaşla birlikte depresyon görünme oran-ları anlamlı olarak artmaktadır. Kadın olmak, yaşın ilerlemesi, dul olmak, düşük eğitim düzeyi, Hipertansiyon (HT), sigara kullanımı, kafa travması öyküsü, miyokard infarktüsü, serebrovasküler olay (SVO) öyküsü, Parkinson hastalığı, romatizmal hastalık öyküsü, sol el tercihi depresyon için risk faktörü olarak belirlenmiştir. SMMDM puanlarının artması erkek olmak, eğitim süresinin artması, sigara kullanımı depresyon riskini azaltıyor bulunmuştur. Bilişsel bozulma için risk etkenleri, kadın olmak, yaşın ilerlemesi, evli olmamak, eğitimsiz olmak, kafa travması, SVO öyküsü, Parkinson hastalığı, romatizmal hastalık öyküsü ve depresyon olarak bulunmuştur. Erkek cinsiyet, eğitimin artması, evli olmak, alkol ve sigara kullanımı bilişsel bozulma için riski azaltıyor bulunmuştur. Bilişsel bozulması olan birey sayısı ve bilişsel bozulmanın düzeyi yaşla birlikte artmaktadır. Sonuçlar: Depresyon ve bilişsel bozulma elli beş yaş ve üzeri popülasyonda yaygındır, yaşın ilerlemesi ile de artmaktadır ve birbirleri ile karşılıklı ilişkili görünmek-tedir. Kadınlar iki bozukluk için de daha büyük risk altındadır. Eğitimin artırılması ve bedensel sağlığın korunması iki bozukluk için de koruyucu olabilir.
Prevalence of depression and cognitive impairment in old age in Trabzon
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of depression and cognitive impairment, in addi-tion to investigate the relation between these disorders and sociodemographic variables in 55 [year]s of age and older population of Trabzon city. Methods: There has been interviewed with the aged of 55 and over 3093 people who represented Trabzon province. In the study, sociodemographic data form, the Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) form, Geriatric Depression Scale forms were administered. Results: The prevalence of the depression was found to be 13.6% and the prevalence of the cognitive impairment was detected as 17.1% in the 55 [year]s and over aged group in the province of Trabzon. The presence of depression was detected significantly in females and in those with cognitive impairment. The rate of occurring depression has increased significantly with age. Female gender, ageing, to be widowed, low educational level, hypertension, smoking, a history of head trauma, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), Parkinson's disease, a history of rheumatic dis-ease, left-handedness were determined as the possible risks for depression. Increased MMSE score, male gender, longer educational period, smoking was found out as reduce the risk of depression. The risk factors for cognitive impairment include; female gender, ageing, being single, being uneducated, head injury, CVA, Parkin-son's disease, a history of rheumatic disease and depression. Male gender, increased educational level, being married, alcohol and tobacco use was found to decrease the risk for cognitive impairment. The number of indivi-duals with cognitive impairment and the level of cognitive impairment increase with age. Conclusion: Depres-sion and cognitive impairment are common in in 55 [year]s of age and older population, and increase with age progression and seem to be related to each other. Women are under greater risk for both disorders. Improving education and physical health protection may be protective for both disorders.

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