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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 49; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2011;49(4):240-244
Artmış İntihar Riski Taşıyan Şizofreni Hastalarının Belirlenmesi ve Tedavilerinde Atipik Antipsikotik İlâç Kullanımı
H Belli, D Aslaner, M Akbudak, C Ural, M Koşar, SM Nacar
Bağcılar Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, İstanbul
Bu gözden geçirme yazısı, şizofreni tanılı bireylerde intihar davranışının ortaya çıkmasında rol oynayabilecek risk faktörlerini ve tercih edilecek atipik antipsikotiklerin etkinliğini tartışmak ve sonuçlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Bu amaca yönelik olarak psikiyatri yazını incelenmiştir. Bilimsel veri tabanlarında 1970-2010 yılları arasında bulunan makaleler taranmıştır.

Uzun zamandan beri şizofreni tanısı almış bireylerde girişimsel veya tamamlanmış intihar oranlarının yüksek olduğu bilinmektedir. Risk açısından, erkek cinsiyet; geçmiş intihar girişimi mevcudiyeti, depresif semptomların tesbiti, hastalığın erken dönemleri, sık hastâneye yatış oranları, premorbid sosyal işlevselliğin kötü olması, çocukluk döneminde kötüye kullanım ve travmatik yaşantıların varlığı, intihar açısından âile hikâyesinin varlığı gibi faktörler göz önüne alınması gereken öncül bulgulardır. Hastaların özellikle hastâneden taburcu oldukları dönemi takiben daha sık intihar girişiminde bulundukları bilinmektedir.

Eldeki mevcut veriler, şizofrenlerde intihara yönelik davranışları önlemede klozapin'in akla en uygun tedavi seçeneği olduğunu göstermektedirler.

Bununla birlikte olanzapin, risperidon, amisülpirid, ziprasidon, aripiprazol gibi diğer atipik antipsikotiklerinde tedavide kullanılabileceği bilinmektedir.

Klinik pratikte intihar etme riski taşıyan hastalar tesbit edilmeli yakın ve sık takibe alınmalıdırlar.
Determination of Schizophrenia Patients with Increased Risk of Suicide and Treatment with Atypical Antipsychotics
Purpose: This review article is aimed to discuss and evaluate the causative risk factors of the development of a suicidal behavior and the effectiveness and outcomes of the preferred atypical antipsychotics in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Method: Psychiatric literature was scanned for this purpose. All articles written 1970 to 2010 in the scientific database were reviewed.

Discussion: It has been already known for a long time that completed or tried suicide attempt rates are high among patients having a diagnosis of schizophrenia. High risk is associated with male sex, previous suicide attempts, depressive symptoms, early stages of disease, high frequency of hospitalization, premorbid social malfunction, abuse and traumatic experiences in childhood and a family history of suicide. These are predisposing factors which should be regarded. It is also known that the period following discharge from hospital is particularly risky, since frequency of suicide attempts are increased in this period. Present data shows that clozapine is the best choice of treatment to prevent suicide directed behavior in schizophrenics.

However other atypical antipsychotics like olanzapine, risperidone, amisulpride, ziprasidone and aripiprazole are also known to be a choice of treatment.

Conclusion: Patients with a suicide risk should be determined and followed closely and frequently in clinical practice.

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