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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 49; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2011;49(4):201-208
Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanısı Konan Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Eş Tanılar ve Sosyodemografik Özellikler
E Aktepe
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Anabilim Dalı
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) tanısı konan çocuk ve ergenlerin eş tanılarını ve sosyodemografik özelliklerini belirlemektir.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya, Antalya Devlet Hastânesi Çocuk Psikiyatrisi Polikliniği'ne Mayıs 2006 - Ocak 2007 ayları arasında başvuran, bir çocuk psikiyatrisi uzmanı tarafından, çocuk, ergen ve âileleriyle yapılan klinik görüşmeler sonucunda DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre DEHB tanısı konulan 153 vak'a alındı.

Bulgular: Vak'alarda erkek/kız oranı 3.1/1 olup yaş ortalamaları 9.00±1.98'dir. Vak'aların %89.5'in-de en az 1 eş tanı tesbit edilmiştir. Eş tanı görülme oranları açısından, DEHB bileşik ve DEHB dikkat eksikliği alt tipleri arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Eş tanıların dağılımına bakıldığında KOKGB %60.7, enürezis noktürna %23.5, anksiyete bozukluğu %22.8, kekemelik %22.8, tik bozukluğu %9.8, davranım bozukluğu %7.1, enkoprezis %3.2 oranlarında tesbit edilmiştir. Anksiyete bozukluğu kızlarda (%37.8) daha sık olarak, karşıt olma-karşı gelme bozukluğu ise erkeklerde (%66.1) daha sık olarak belirlenmiştir. Ergen grubunda anksiyete bozukluğu ve KOKGB anlamlı oranda yüksek bulunmuştur. Kızlarda en sık görülen alt tip DEHB dikkat eksikliği tipi, erkeklerde en sık görülen alt tip ise, DEHB bileşik tip olarak tesbit edilmiştir. DEHB dikkat eksikliği alt tipi 1215 yaş grubunda sıklıkla gözlenirken, DEHB bileşik tip 6-11 yaş grubunda sıklıkla gözlenmiştir. Anksiyete bozukluğu DEHB dikkat eksikliği alt tipinde anlamlı oranda yüksek bulunmuştur. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Çalışmamızda eş tanı oranı yüksek düzeyde olup eş tanı dağılımının cinsiyetler arası farklara sâhip olduğu bulunmuştur. Eş tanı varlığı bozukluğa neden olan etyolojik etmenin belirlenmesine yardımcı olduğu, prognozu olumsuz yönde etkilediği ve tedavi seçimini yönlendirdiği için DEHB'li hastalarda dikkatli değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. DEHB alt tiplerinde görülen eş tanıların karşılaştırılması DEHB alt tipleri ile eş tanıların birbirinden bağımsız tanılar mı ya da aynı etiyolojiyi paylaşan hastalıklar mı olduğu konusunda bilgi verebilir. DEHB'nin yaşa, cinsiyete ve alt tipe özgü farklılıklar gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Cinsiyetle ilişkili DEHB alt tip farklılıklarının cinsiyete spesifik risklerin gösterilmesi açısından önem taşıdığı öne sürülmektedir. Tanı koyma ile ilgili güçlüklere neden olmaması açısından yaşa ve cinsiyete bağlı farklılıklar, alt tiplerin farklı özellikleri göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.
Sociodemographic Features and Comorbidity of Children Adolescents Diagnosed as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the sociodemographic features of the children and adolescents diagnosed as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and comorbid diagnoses.

Method: A total of 153 cases who applied to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of an Antalya State Hospital between May 2006 and January 2007 and diagnosed as ADHD according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria by a child and adolescent psychiatrist after interviewing with children, adolescents and families were involved in the study.

Findings: Male/female ratio was 3.1/1 and mean age was 9.00±1.98 [year]s. At least one comorbid disorder was determined in 89.5% of the cases. For comorbidity, there was no significantly difference between combined type and inattentive type of ADHD. Distribution of comorbidities were; oppositional defiant disorder 60.7%, enuresis nocturna 23.5%, anxiety disorders 22.8%, stuttering 22.8%, tic disorders 9.8%, conduct disorder 7.1%, encopresis 3.2%. Anxiety disorder was more common among girls (37.8%), opposional defiant disorder was more common among boys (66.1%). Anxiety disorders and oppositional defiant disorder were significantly higher in adolescent group. The most common subtype was inattentive ADHD among girls while the most common subtype was combined type ADHD among boys. While inattentive ADHD subtype was common between ages 12-15, combined type was common between ages 6-11. For inattentive type of ADHD, anxiety disorders were significantly higher.

Discussion and Conclusion: In our study, comorbidity rates had high level and comorbidity distribution had differences between each sex. Comorbidity must be assessed carefully because it helps to determine the etiological factors, affects prognosis negatively and directs choosing the treatment. Comparing comorbidities seen with subtypes of ADHD can enlight us whether subtypes of ADHD and comorbid disorders are different diagnoses or the disorders which share the same etiology. ADHD was determined to differentiate according to age, sex and subtypes. It is suggested that differences between gender related ADHD subtypes are important to show gender specific risks, Differences according to age and sex, different features of subtypes must be considered in order to be able to diagnose appropriately.

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