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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2011;1(4):311-322
Psikotrop İlaçların Kardiyak Teratojenik Etkileri
L Gülseren, F Akdeniz
İzmir Atatürk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi
Major depresif bozukluk, anksiyete bozuklukları, iki uçlu bozukluk ve psikotik bozukluklar aktif üreme dönemindeki kadınlarda yaygın
olarak görülmektedir. Bu bozuklukların ilk kez gebelik sırasında başlaması ya da önceden var olan hastalık belirtilerinin gebelik döneminde
şiddetlenmesi, gebelikte ilaç kullanma konusunda bir ikilem yaşanmasına neden olabilmektedir. Etik kaygılardan dolayı gebe kadınlarda
randomize kontrollü çalışmalar yapılamadığı için, ilaçla doğumsal anomali arasında nedensel bir ilişki kurmak güçtür. Antidepresanlarla
ilgili literatür, gebeliğin ilk üç ayında paroksetine maruz kalmanın kardiyak anomali riskini artırabileceğini desteklemektedir. Diğer
antidepresanlarla fazla çalışma yapılmamış olmakla birlikte kardiyak anomalilerle bu derece güçlü bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Antipsikotiklerin
doğumsal kardiyak anomali riskini arttırdığını gösteren tutarlı bulgular yoktur. Lityum kardiyak açıdan teratojen bir ajandır. Ancak
söz konusu risk daha önce bildirilenden düşüktür. Antiepileptiklerle benzodiyazepinlerin kardiyovasküler malformasyonlarla bağlantıları
güçlü değildir. Gebe bir kadına psikotrop ilaç verirken risk/yarar hesabı yapılmalı, ilacın bilinen yararları ve olası riskler konusunda
hasta ve hasta yakınları bilgilendirilmelidir. Bölgesel ya da ulusal teratojenite merkezleriyle bağlantı kurularak ilaçların gebelik döneminde
kullanılmasıyla ilgili bilgiler güncellenmelidir. Psikotrop kullanan kadınların bebekleri ultrasonografi, fetal ekokardiyografi gibi tetkiklerle
düzenli olarak izlenmelidir.
Cardiac teratogenic effects of psychotropic drugs

Major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder and psychotic disorders are common among reproductive aged women. These
mental disorders may begin or the mental disorder may exacerbate during pregnancy and this condition may cause a dilemma. Because of
the ethic concerns, there are no randomized controlled clinical drug studies with pregnant women and it is hard to make an association
between the drug and the congenital malformation. The knowledge about antidepressant drugs supports that the exposure to paroxetine
during the first trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of cardiac anomalies. Even though there are not enough studies with other
antidepressants, there is no strong association with the exposure and the appearance of cardiac malformations. There is no consistent data
showing the increased risk with the exposure to the antipsychotics causing cardiac malformations. Lithium is a known cardiac teratogen.
However the risk is lower than the old data. The relation between the antiepileptics and benzodiazepines, and cardiac malformations is not
strong. When prescribing a psychotropic agent to a pregnant woman risk/benefit should be weighed, the benefits of the drug treatment
and possible risks should be given to the patient and patient's relatives. We should update our knowledge about the drug treatment during
pregnancy with regional or national terotogenity centers. The patients who are exposed to psychotropic drugs during pregnancy should be
followed regularly with ultrasonography and fetal echocardiography.

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