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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2011;1(4):300-310
Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tedavisinde Kullanılan Stimulanlar ve Atomoksetinin Kardiyovasküler Sistem Üzerine Etkileri ve Güvenilirliği
A Akay
Dokuz Eylül Üniv. Tıp Fak., İzmir
Daha çok dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) tedavisinde kullanılan stimulanların ve atomoksetinin tedavideki etkinlikleri
kanıtlanmıştır ve en sık reçete edilen ilaçlardır. Stimulanlar ve atomoksetinin kardiyovasküler güvenliliği hakkında endişeler mevcuttur. Bu
endişeler özellikle stimulanların çocuk populasyonunda kullanımı ile ilişkilidir. Bu gözden geçirme yazısında, stimulanlar ve atomoksetinin
kardiyovasküler sisteme olan etkilerini araştıran makaleler değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmalarda, daha çok çocuk ve gençlerde stimulan kullanımının
oluşturduğu kan basıncı, kalp hızı ve QT intervalindeki değişimlere odaklanılmıştır. Ancak, ani ölüm, felç ve myokardial enfarktüs
DEHB'li erişkinlerde de stimulan ve atomoksetinin tedavi edici dozlarında görülebilir. Özellikle daha yaşlılarda olmak üzere erişkinlerde,
yüksek oranda kalp hastalıklarının bulunması DEHB'li erişkinlerde stimulan kullanımıyla oluşan kardiyovasküler riski artırabileceği öngörülebilir.
Yapılan çalışmalar gözden geçirildiğinde, sonuç olarak, stimulanların tedavi edici dozları, kullanıldıkları DEHB'li hastalar için
kardiyovasküler sistemde kalp hızı, kan basıncı artışı ve QTc intervalinde uzama gibi küçük fizyolojik değişikliklere neden olabilirler. Bu
yan etkiler sağlıklı çocuklarda klinik önem taşımaz. Ancak, daha önceden kardiyolojik sorunları olanlarda klinik önem taşıyabilir. Kardiyak
tarama, stimulan kullanılmadan önce DEHB'li çocuk ve gençlerin değerlendirilmesinde uygun olabilir. Eğer hastaların öyküsünde ve
fiziksel bakısında kardiyolojik bir sorunu düşünecek veri varsa tedavi öncesi kardiyoloji konsültasyonu istenmelidir. Kardiyak riski olmayan
hastalardan EKG istemi gerekli olmamasına rağmen, stimulanlarla ve atomoksetinle tedaviye başlamadan önce EKG çekimi önerilebilir.
Cardiovascular side effects and safety of psychostimulants and atomoxetine in treatment of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder that is often treated with stimulants and
atomoxetine. Despite their efficacy and long history of use, there is concern about their potential for adverse cardiovascular effects in
children and adolescents. Data about cardiovascular adverse event like increases in mean blood pressure, heart rate, and QT interval in
children, adolescents, and adults were reviewed. However, sudden death, stroke, and myocardial infarction have also been reported in adult
ADHD patients taking stimulants or atomoxetine at therapeutic doses. Therapeutic doses of stimulants for the treatment of ADHD
can cause small physiological effects on the cardiovascular system, as evidenced by increases in HR, BP, and the QTcB interval. These
effects appear unlikely to have clinical relevance in healthy children, although further investigation is warranted. On the other hand, these
effects of stimulants may have clinical relevance in children with preexisting cardiac disease. Cardiac screening is appropriate for screening
children and adolescents with ADHD before treatment with stimulants is initiated. Patients with an exam or history suggestive of cardiac
problems should be evaluated by a pediatric cardiologist before such therapy is started. Although ECG screening is not mandatory for
patients without cardiac risk factors, It is useful that obtaining an ECG in all children being considered for stimulant and atomoxetine
drug therapy.

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