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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2011;1(4):266-275
Yeni Kuşak Antipsikotik İlaçların Metabolik Yan Etkileri
K Altınbaş, Ö Böke
Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi, İstanbul
Yeni kuşak antipsikotik (YKA) ilaçların yaygın biçimde kullanılmaya başlanmasıyla iki uçlu bozukluk ve şizofreni gibi kronik seyirli psikiyatrik
hastalıkların tedavisinde önemli ilerlemeler sağlanmıştır. Öte yandan, bu ilaçların uzun süreli kullanımı sırasında ortaya çıkabilen
kilo artışı, dislipidemi, hiperglisemi ve diyabet gibi metabolik yan etkiler klinisyenleri daha önce karşılaşmadıkları bir sorun alanıyla
baş başa bırakmıştır. Yeni kuşak antipsikotikler içerisinde bu yan etkilere en çok yol açma riski olan ilaçlar klozapin ve olanzapin iken; ketiyapin
ve risperidon ile bu risk orta derecede; aripiprazol, ziprasidon ve amisülpirid ile ise görece düşüktür. Yeni kuşak antipsikotik ilaçların
metabolik yan etkilerinin ortaya çıkışında altta yatan en yaygın mekanizma kilo artışına bağlı gelişen periferik insülin direncidir. Ayrıca
neden bazı hastalarda aynı ilaçların bu yan etkileri ortaya çıkarmadığı göz önünde tutulursa genetik etmenlerin de metabolik yan etkilerin
oluşumunda önemli olduğu akılda tutulmalıdır. Ancak yine de bu ilaçların hangi etyolojik mekanizmalarla metabolik yan etkilere
yol açtığı halen netlik kazanmamıştır. Bunun yanında hastaların kötü yaşam koşulları, kötü beslenme alışkanlıkları, hareketsizlik ve fazla
sigara içme gibi çevresel etmenleri de bu metabolik yan etkilerin ortaya çıkışını kolaylaştırmaktadır. YKA ilaçların neden olduğu metabolik
yan etkileri kontrol etmek ve/veya yönetmek için öncelikle değiştirilebilir çevresel risk etmenlerini düzenlemek, ardından gerekiyorsa
tedavide kullanılan antipsikotik ilacı değiştirmek ve/veya metabolik yan etkilerin tedavisinde kullanılan farmakolojik ajanları antipsikotik
tedaviye eklemek önerilebilir.
Metabolic side effects of new generation antipsychotics

Treatment of chronic psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia has been improved with the widespread prescription
of new generation antipsychotics. On the other hand, after long term treatment, clinicians had to encounter with the metabolic side effects
of new generation antipsychotics such as weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and diabetes. In terms of metabolic side effects, clozapine
and olanzapine are on the highest risk group while risperidone and quetiapine carry moderate risk and aripirazol, ziprasidone, amisulpride
are on relatively low risk group. The most common etiological hypothesis for explaining how these new generation antipsychotics cause
metabolic syndrome is peripheral insulin resistance due to weight gain. Also, impact of genetic factors on metabolic side effects must be
kept on mind considering the fact that some of the metabolic side effects of new generation antipsychotics do not occur in a group of
patients even they take same medication. Thus, underlying mechanism of metabolic side effects due to new generation antipsychotics
still remains unclear. Additionally, environmental factors such as poor life conditions, poor diet habits, immobility and smoking cigarettes
among chronic psychiatric patients may precipitate the occurrence of these side effects. First of all, clinicians should make regulations on
modifiable environmental risk factors, and then if it requires changing the medication and/or adding a pharmacological agent used for
metabolic abnormalities can be recommended for controlling and/or managing metabolic side effects of new generation antipsychotics.

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