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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2011;1(2):156-170
Psikiyatride Sık Görülen Nöropsikiyatrik Sendromlara Yaklaşım
EC Atbaşoğlu, D Sakarya
Ankara Üniv. Tıp Fakültesi, Ankara
Nöroloji ile psikiyatrinin ayrı dallar olmaları, ilgi alanlarındaki rahatsızlıkların doğasıyla ilgili temel farklardan çok, bu rahatsızlıklara atfedilen
anlamların ve iki dalın uygulama koşullarının, bilimsel yöntemlerinin tamamen aynı olmayışına bağlıdır. Nörolojik rahatsızlıklar
için ?fizyolojik?, ?organik?, psikiyatrik rahatsızlıklar için ?strese bağlı?, ?psikolojik?, ?fonksiyonel? gibi nitelemeler kullanılır. Nörolojik rahatsızlıklar
hastalık belirtileri olarak görülür, psikiyatrik rahatsızlıkların birçoğu kişilik zaaflarına ve stresörlere bağlanır. Aslında ?yapısalişlevsel?,
?organik-psikojen? gibi kategoriler, 'e ldeki olanaklarla gösterilebilen-gösterilemeyen? ya da ?basit-karmaşık? gibi ayrımlara dayalıdır
ve niteledikleri klinik antitelerden çok o antitelere ilişkin bilgi düzeyine işaret ederler. Bu nedenle, psikiyatrik tanılarla nörolojik tanıları
birbirlerine eklenen (komorbid) tanılar olarak nitelemek, aralarında moleküler mekanizmalardan kültürel özelliklere kadar çeşitli
düzeylerde kurulabilecek bağları zayıflatır ve anlaşılmalarını güçleştirir. İki dal arasındaki resmi ayrım uzmanlık eğitimine ve uygulamaya
da yansıdığından, psikiyatristin nörolojik tanıları ve belirtileri iyi tanıması hem daha güç hem de özellikle önemlidir. Yazarların görüşü,
iyi psikiyatrik uygulama için bütüncül bir nöropsikiyatrik yönelimin şart olduğu yolundadır. Yazının odağı olan bu yaklaşımın, resmi
psikiyatrik tanıları hastalık modeli içinde ele alan ve ilgi alanını bunların biyolojik karşılıkları ve nedenleri ile sınırlı tutan biyolojik psikiyatri
ile aynı olmadığını vurgulamak gerekir. Bütün nöropsikiyatriyi gözden geçirmek mümkün olmadığından, nörolojik sendromlar arasından,
yaygınlık, psikiyatride karşılaşılma olasılığı ve tanının gözden kaçırılmasının olumsuz sonuçlarının önem derecesi dikkate alınarak
seçilen multipl skleroz, epileptik ve non-epileptik nöbetler, bilişsel sendromlar, serebrovasküler hastalıklar, baş ağrıları ve hareket bozukluklarına
bütüncül yaklaşımla ilgili güncel bilgiler ve klinik ilkeler sunulmuştur.
Approach to common neuropsychiatric syndromes in psychiatry

The formal distinction between neurology and psychiatry is artificial and not based on any essential difference between the diagnostic
categories within their domains. Modern neuropsychiatry has maintained a uniform approach to all nervous and mental diseases, until
practical issues and emerging methods of systematic observation necessitated different settings for patient care, namely, intensive care
units or isolated mental institutions for severely ill patients and the couch and private practice for those with intact sensorium and reality
testing. New methods of scientific inquiry have also shaped two scientific /medical communities, each holding equally ambitious claims
to explain symptom formation. Many attributes of neurologic and psychiatric illness, still widely used and taught today, thus reflect differences
in the level of available information on clinical entities, rather than the entities themselves -?organic vs psychogenic?, 's tructural
vs functional?, ?physiologic vs psychological?, to name a few. With such arbitrary distinctions still prevailing in medicine, and the purely
descriptive definitions of psychiatric diagnoses, an integrative neuropsychiatric approach is challenging in today's psychiatric practice.
Our view is that a ?comorbidity? context might understate the indispensibility of this neuropsychiatric approach, which should not be
mistaken with biological psychiatry, a field of psychiatry focusing on the biological correlates of diagnostic categories that happen to be
assigned to the discipline in today's disease classifications. This review focuses on currently available information and clinical guidelines
for neuropsychiatric syndromes judged to be more important in psychiatric practice because of their prevalence, higher likelihood of a
psychiatric presentation especially at onset, and the potential negative consequences of missing the diagnosis: Multiple sclerosis, seizures,
cognitive disorders, headache and movement disorders.

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