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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2011;1(2):91-108
Majör Depresif Bozuklukta Ektanılar
T Alkın, A Mantar
Dokuz Eylül Üniv. Tıp Fak., İzmir
Major Depresif Bozukluk (MDB) kişinin işlevselliğinde önemli bozulmalar yaratan ve yeti yitimi nedenleri arasında birinci sırada gelen
psikiyatrik bozukluktur. Yaygınlık oranlarının yüksek olması önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olduğunu göstermektedir. Birçok başka
bozuklukta olduğu gibi MDB'de de ektanı varlığı oldukça yüksektir. En sık eşlik eden ektanılar anksiyete bozuklukları, alkol ve madde
kullanım bozuklukları ile kişilik bozukluklarıdır. Bir başka fiziksel hastalığı bulunan hastalarda depresyon sık rastlanan bir durumdur.
MDB'nin diğer ruhsal bozukluklarla birlikte bulunması tanı ve tedavide birçok farklılıklara yol açmaktadır. Ektanıların varlığı depresif
belirtilerin şiddetlenmesine, psikososyal işlevselliğin daha da bozulmasına, intihar olasılığının artmasına, tedavinin daha zor ve karmaşık
hale gelmesine, tedaviye yanıtının daha zayıf ve prognozun daha kötü olmasına yol açmaktadır. Tedavide tam remisyon hedeflenmeli, seçilen
antidepresanın eştanılı bozukluğa da etkili olmasına özen gösterilmeli, dirençli durumlarda güçlendirme için kombine ilaç kullanılmalı
ve psikososyal tedaviler erken dönemlerde planlanmalıdır. MDB'de ektanı varlığında tedavi seçenekleri açısından kesin ölçütler koymak
mümkün görünmemektedir. Her hastanın farklı klinik görünüm ve sosyal çevresinin olması nedeniyle tedavide öncelikler değişebilmektedir.
Ayrıca tıbbi durumlar ve depresyon ektanısının farmakolojik tedavisinde ilaç-hastalık ve ilaç-ilaç etkileşimleri dikkatli bir şekilde
değerlendirilmelidir. Bu yazıda MDB'ye en sık eşlik eden hastalıklar ayrı ayrı olarak ele alınmış, varolan bilgiler doğrultusunda hastalıkların
klinik görünümü ve tedavi seçenekleri okuyucuya daha kapsamlı bir fikir vermek adına gözden geçirilmiştir.
Comorbidity in major depressive disorder

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a primary psychiatric disorder which leads to significant burden and disability in one's functionality.
The fact that the prevalence rate of depression is high indicates that it is a problem of public health. The rates of comorbidity is
rather high in patients with MDD. The most common comorbid mental disorders are anxiety disorders, alcohol and drug use disorders
and personality disorders. Depression is also common in patients with another physical illness. MDD accompanies with other mental
disorders and that fact creates a number of differences in differantial diagnosis and treatment. The existence of comorbidity leads to the
exacerbation of depressive symptoms, more disability in psyhosocial functionality, increase in the suicide risk. Furthermore, the treatment
becomes more challenging and more complicated and reducing the response rates and thus worsening of the prognosis. In the treatment
a complete remission should be aimed and the selected antidepressant drug must be effective on all of the comorbid disorders. Combined
medications should be used for augmentation for the resistant cases, and psychosocial therapies should be implanted in early stages of the
treatment. It seems impossible to set definite criteria in terms of treatment options in the existence of additional diagnosis in MDD. The
priorities in the treatment may change, due to the fact that each patient has a different clinical presentation and social environment. In
the pharmacologic treatment of co-occured medical condition and depression, the interactions of ?medication to disease? and ?medication
to medication? should also be carefully evaluated. In this article, the most frequent accompanying disorders to MDD have been discussed.
The clinical presentation of disorders and their treatment options have been reviewed.

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