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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Journal of Mood Disorders; 2011;1(3):95-102
İki uçlu bozukluk?ta tedavi uyumu
HA Savaş, A Ünal, O Vırıt
Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Gaziantep
Amaç: İki Uçlu Bozukluk (İUB), kronik seyri nedeniyle sürdürüm tedavisini gerektiren ve bu yüzden etkin tedavi için yüksek düzeyde hasta uyumunun zorunlu olduğu bir hastalıktır. İUB'de tedaviye uyumsuzluk, nüks ve yinelemenin ana sebebi olarak düşünülür. Bu çalışmada, en az bir yıl öncesinden psikiyatri polikliniğinde kaydı olan ötimik iki uçlu hastalarda: son bir ayda ilaç tedavisine uyum düzeyinin, uyumu etkileyen sosyodemografik, klinik özelliklerin ve son bir yıl içerisindeki takip muayene sayıları ile tedavi uyumu arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılmasını amaçladık.

Yöntem: Malatya Devlet Hastanesi Psikiyatri Polikliği'ne başvuran 18 yaşından büyük, DSM-IV'e göre İUB tanısı konulmuş ve en az bir yıldır bu tanı ile poliklinik takibinde olan ötimik, 147 hasta çalışmaya alındı. 01-28 Şubat 2011 tarihleri arasında takip muayenesine gelen hastaların eşzamanlı olarak hastane bilgisayar kayıtlarına bakıldı. 01 Şubat 2010'dan itibaren bilgisayar kaydı olanlar çalışmaya alındı ve kaç defa takip muayenesine geldiği kayıtlardan tespit edildi. Çalışmaya aldığımız hastaların demografik değişkenlerini, klinik özelliklerini, hastalığı ve tedavisi ile ilgili tutumlarını içeren bilgiler hazırladığımız Veri Toplama Formu'na kaydedildi. Hastalar, son bir ay içerisinde ilaç kullanmadığı ya da düzensiz kullandığı gün sayısı 7'de n az olanlar tedaviye uyumlu, 7'de n fazla olanlar tedaviye uyumsuz olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi SPSS 16.0 ile yapıldı. Tedaviye uyumlu ve uyumsuz grupların verileri karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: Hastaların, 108'i (%73.5) tedaviye uyumlu, 39'u (%26.5) tedaviye uyumsuzdu. Eğitim düzeyi (8 yıl temel alındı) uyumlu grupta daha yüksekti (p<0.001). Uyumlu grupta hastanede yatış oranı, uyumsuz gruba göre daha düşüktü (p<0.05). Uyumlu grupta son bir yılda takip muayenelerine devam etme oranı (p<0.001) ve hastalığına karşı içgörü oranı daha yüksekti (p<0.001). Her iki grup arasında şu anda kullandığı ilaç veya ilaç kombinasyonları açısından fark yoktu (p>0.05). Uyumlu grup, hastalığı ve tedavisi hakkında uyumsuz gruba göre daha fazla bilgilendirildiğini düşünüyordu (p<0.001). Uyumsuz grupta, tedaviden fayda görmediğini düşünerek (p<0.05) ve iyileştiğini düşünerek ilacı bırakma oranı daha yüksekti (p<0.001). Ayrıca, iyileştiğini düşünerek tedaviyi bırakma oranı tedaviden fayda görmediğini düşünerek ilaç bırakma oranına göre daha yüksekti (p=0.04, χ2=8.64). İlaç kullanmaktan hoşnutsuz olma uyumsuz grupta daha yüksekti (p<0.05)

Sonuç: Bu araştırmada, düşük eğitim düzeyi, hastalıkla ilgili yetersiz bilgilendiğini düşünme, içgörü eksikliği, tedaviden hoşnutsuz olma gibi veriler tedaviye uyumsuz grupta daha fazla bulundu. Ayrıca, tedaviye devam etmemenin en önemli sebebinin iyileştiğini düşünerek ilacı bırakma olduğu saptandı.
Treatment adherence in bipolar disorder
Purpose: A high level of treatment adherence is essential in patients with bipolar disorder for effective treatment, due to chronic progressive nature of the illness requiring maintenance treatment. Treatment nonadherence in individuals with bipolar disorder is the main reason for relapse and recurrence. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between treatment adherence and the level of medication treatment adherence in the last [month], socio-demographic and clinic characteristics affecting adherence, and the number of follow-up examinations within the last [year] in euthymic bipolar patients who registered at a psychiatry outpatient clinic at least a [year] ago.

Method: The sample group of this study comprised of 147 euthymic patients, aged over 18, who visited the Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of Malatya State Hospital, and diagnosed with a Bipolar Disorder in accordance with DSM-IV, and had been monitored at the clinic for at least a [year] because of this diagnosis. The hospital records were examined simultaneously for patients attending their follow-up examinations between 02.01.2011 and 02.28.2011. The patients, who had computerized records as of February 01, 2010, were included in this study, and their number of follow-up examinations was obtained from hospital records. The information regarding participating patients? demographic variables, clinical properties, and their attitude towards their illness and treatment were recorded in the Data Gathering Form. The patients were categorized in two groups; those that had taken their medication or taken it irregularly for less than seven days within the last [month] were categorized as ?treatment adherent,? and those that had not taken their medication or taken it irregularly for more than seven days within the last [month] were categorized as ?treatment nonadherent.? SPSS 16.0 was used for the statistical data analysis. The data of treatment adherent group was compared to the data of treatment nonadherent group.

Results: 108 (73.5%) patients were treatment adherent, while 39 (26.5%) patients were treatment nonadherent. The level of education (based on 8 [year]s) was higher in the treatment adherent group (p<0.001). The rate of hospitalization was lower in the treatment adherent group in comparison to the treatment nonadherent group (p<0.05). The rate of attending to follow-up examinations within the last [year] (t= -5.42) and the level of insight towards their illness was higher in the treatment adherent group (p<0.001). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of their present medication or drug combinations (p>0.05). The treatment adherent group believed that they were more informed about their illness and treatment in comparison to the nonadherent group (p<0.001). The treatment nonadherent group believed that treatment had no effect on their disorder more than the treatment adherent group (p<0.05); the rate of disregarding medication because they thought they had recovered was higher in the treatment nonadherent group in comparison to the treatment adherent group (p<0.001). The rate of abandoning treatment, because of thinking that they had recovered, was higher in comparison to the rate of not taking medication, because they thought the treatment was not effective (p=0.04, χ2=8.64). The number of patients, who were discontent about taking medication, was higher in the treatment nonadherent group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: In this study, some characteristics such as a lower education level, thinking that they had inadequate information regarding their illness, lack of insight, and dissatisfaction with treatment, were significantly higher in the treatment nonadherent group. The most common reason behind discontinued treatment was that individuals believed that they had recovered from their disorder and discontinued their medication(s).

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