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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 49; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Yeni Symposium; 2011;49(3):141-152
YGB-BTA'yı Tanımlamak ve Ayırt Etmek: Otizm ve DEHB ile Yapılan Bir Karşılaştırma
K Karabekiroğlu, S Akbaş
Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ABD, Samsun, Türkiye
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, otizm ve dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) ile karşılaştırıldığında, yaygın gelişimsel bozukluk- başka türlü adlandırılmayan (YGB-BTA) tanısı konan çocukların başvuru yakınmaları, gelişim öyküsü ve komorbidite özellikleri açısından ayırt edici özelliklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Bu çalışmada yaş ortalaması 5.5 (±2.5) (2-12) olan 188 çocuk (YGB-BTA n=94; DEHB n=47; otizm n=47) (erkek n=150, kız n=38) yer almıştır. YGB-BTA tanısı olan çocukların yer aldığı bir pilot çalışma grubunda başvuru yakınmalarının sistematik olarak toplanmasına dayanarak bir öncül YGB-BTA tarama ölçeği (ÖYTÖ) geliştirilmiştir. Klinik tanılar ve komorbid psikiyatrik bozukluklar ayrıntılı ruhsal durum muayenesi, Okul Çağı Çocukları İçin Duygulanım Bozuklukları ve Şizofreni Görüşme Çizelgesi-Şimdi ve Yaşam Boyu Şekli-Türkçe (ÇDŞG-ŞY-T) ve iki çocuk psikiyatrisi uzmanının ortak görüşüne dayalı olarak belirlenmiştir.

Bulgular: Yaş farklılığı düzeltildiğinde de görüldüğü gibi, en sık belirtilen yakınmaların görülme sıklığı en sık olandan en az olana doğru YGB-BTA ve otizm grubunda çok benzer bir dağılım örün-tüsü ortaya koymuştur. Neredeyse tüm belirtiler YGB-BTA grubunda anlamlı olarak daha az belirtilmiştir. Ana eksen Promax döndürme ile yapılan faktör analizi on faktör ortaya koymuştur ve yedi tanesi gruplar arasında anlamlı düzeyde ayırt edici bulunmuştur. ÖYTÖ'de yer alan 27 maddenin yapısal özelliklerini incelemek amacıyla, tüm tanı gruplarını içererek (n:188) yapılan faktör analizleri şu üç faktörü ortaya koymuştur: (1) "otizm spektrumu", (2) "yıkıcı davranım spektrumu", ve (3) "anksiyete spektrumu". İlk iki faktör gruplar arasında anlamlı düzeyde ayırt edici bulunmuştur. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları YGB-BTA'nın otizmin niceliksel olarak farklı bir altti-pi olduğunu ve sosyal-iletişimsel beceri alanındaki doğrusal düzelmde yer alan daha hafif belirtilere sahip olduğunu desteklemektedir.
Identifying and Differentiating PDD-NOS: A Comparison with Autism and ADHD
Purpose: We aimed to investigate differential features of pervasive developmental disorder- not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) in terms of presenting symptoms, developmental history, and comorbidity with respect to autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: The study involved 188 children (PDD-NOS n=94; ADHD n=47; autism n=47) (male n=150, female n=38) who were 5.5(±2.5) [year]s old on average (range 2-11 yrs.). Preliminary PDD-NOS screening scale (PPSSS) was developed based on the 'presenting' symptoms of PDD-NOS that were systematically collected in a pilot group of children. The clinical diagnoses and comorbidities were based on the comprehensive mental status examination, Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version-Turkish Version (K-SADS-PL-T), and the consensus between two child and adolescent psychiatry specialists.

Results: The prevalence rates of the most common presenting symptoms in the PDD-NOS and autism groups have shown a similar pattern of distribution from most common to the least, even when the results were corrected for age. However, almost all of these symptoms are reported significantly less in prevalence in the PDD-NOS group. Using subjects in all diagnostic groups (n=188), a principal axis factor analysis with Promax rotation revealed ten factors; seven were found to be discriminative. In addition, another factor analysis revealed three factors: (1) "autism spectrum," (2) "disruptive behaviors spectrum," and (3) "anxiety spectrum." The first two factors were found to discriminate between the diagnostic groups.

Discussion and Conclusion: The results suggest that PDD-NOS may be assumed as a quantitative partial subtype of autism, and it represents a less severe form that lies on a continuum of social-communication skills.

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