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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 49; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2011;49(3):131-140
Türkiye'nin Batısında Yaşayan Halkın Ruhsal Hastalığa ve Hastalara Yönelik İnanç ve Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi
O Çam, A Bilge
Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu, İzmir
Amaç: Araştırma Türkiye'nin batısında yaşayan halkın ruhsal hasta ve hastalığa yönelik inanç ve tutumlarını belirlemek için tanımlayıcı tipte plânlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Katılımcılar küme örneklem yöntemi ile belirlenmiş bölgelerden basit tesadüfî örneklem yöntemi ile seçilmiştir. Bireylerin ruhsal hastalığa yönelik inançlarını belirlemek için Bilge (2006) tarafından Türkiye için geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışmaları yapılmış olan Ruhsal Hastalığa Yönelik İnançlar Ölçeği (RHIÖ) ve ruhsal hastalara yönelik tutumları belirlemek için Bağ (2003) tarafından Türkiye için geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışmaları yapılmış olan Ruhsal Sorunları Olan Bireylere Yönelik Toplum Tutumları Ölçeği (RSTTÖ) kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılara ev ziyareti yapılarak veriler toplanmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırma bulgularına göre; bireylerin %50.8'i erkek ve %39'u orta ekonomik düzeydedir. Yaş ortalamaları 39.7?10.3'dür. Ruhsal Hastalığa Yönelik İnançlar Ölçeği'ne verilen yanıtlar incelendiğinde; toplumun ruhsal hastalığı tehlikeli gördüğü ve çaresizlik hissettikleri saptanmıştır. Ruhsal Sorunları Olan Bireylere Yönelik Toplum Tutumları Ölçeği'ne verdikleri yanıtların dağılımı incelendiğinde; ruhsal sorunlu bireylerin toplumun bir parçası olması, hayat alanlarında ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin verilmesi ve bu durumun ise tehlike içermediği yönünde bir tutumları olduğu saptanmıştır.

Tartışma: Katılımcıların ruhsal hasta ve hastalığa yönelik inanç ve tutumlarının cinsiyetlerine göre farklılık göstermediği, alt ekonomik düzeyi olanların bu hastalıkları daha çâresizce karşılayarak, tehlikeli gördükleri ve olumsuz inanca sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Orta ekonomik düzeyin ruh sağlığına yönelik toplumsal yaklaşımlarının yüksek ve daha iyi niyetli olduğu, üst ekonomik düzeyin ise bu hastalardan korktuğu ve dışladığı saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Toplum ruhsal hastalara yönelik olumsuz inanç hayatta ve geliştirdiği tutumla ise bu durumu onarmaya çalışmaktadır.
Determination of Beliefs and Attitudes Toward Mental Illness and Patients of Public Who Live in Western Part of Turkey
Objective: This descriptive type research was planned to determine beliefs and attitudes towards
mental illness and patients of public who live in the Western part of Turkey.
Method: Participants were determined by cluster sampling method from regions determined by
simple random sampling method to determine beliefs of individuals? about mental illness Beliefs
toward Mental Illness Scale (BMI) by Bilge (it's validity and reliability for Turkey was realized in
2006) was used; and to determine attitudes towards mental illness, Scale of The Community Attitudes
Towards The Mentally Illness (validity and reliability for Turkey was realized in 2003 by Ba¤)
was used. Data was collected by home visits to participants.
Findings: According to research findings; 50.8% of sample are men and 39% are middle economical
level. Their average age is between 39.7?10.3. When the answers of Beliefs toward Mental Illness Scale investigated; it is found that society think mental illness is dangerous and they feel
despair about it. Investigation of the distribution of The Community Attitudes toward the Mentally
Illness answers it is found that they have the attitude that mental patients should be members
of society, they should get psychological services and they are not dangerous.
Discussion: Participants? beliefs and attitudes have no differences according to their sex, and low
income level see these illnesses as dangerous, and have negative belief. Attitudes of medium socioeconomic
status-group to mental illness is determined as more high and well-intentioned, but
high socioeconomic level afraid of these people.
Conclusion: Society has a negative belief about mental illness and tries to fix this with attitude
they generate.

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