Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2011; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2011;4(3):59-65
Profesyonel Sporcularda Stres
İ Balcıoğlu, A Doğrul
İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri AD, İstanbul
Rekabet içeren, amacın kazanmak, varolanı aşmak olduğu sporlara performas sporu veya elit spor denmektedir. Performans sporunun rekabet içeren veya devamlı daha fazlasını hedefleyen yapısı sporcuların strese maruz kalmalarına neden olmaktadır. Araştırmalarda profesyonel sporcularda strese neden olan etkenlerin performans stresörleri ve organizasyonel stresörler olarak sınıflandırıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Sakatlık, beklentiler, gerçekçi olmayan hedefler, oyunda hata yapma, hakem kararları, yetersiz hazırlanma, kendini başkalarıyla kıyaslama, yorgunluk performansı etkileyen önemli stresörlerdir. Ancak çoğu zaman organizasyonel sorunlar sporcular için daha büyük bir stres kaynağı olmaktadır. Antrenör ile ilişkiler, başarlık sonrası kovulma korkusu, kariyerin belirsiz olması, karar verme süreçlerinde adaletsizlik inancı, destek yetersizliği, kurumsal kültür nedeniyle iletişim sorunları gibi etkenler organizasyonel stresörlerdir. Sporcular yaşlarına, deneyim seviyelerine, yaptıkları spor türüne, aldıkları desteğe göre de karşılaştıkları stres kaynağını farklı değerlendirmektedir. Stres kaynağının sporcu tarafından nasıl değerlendirildiği, yarattığı duygunun yoğunluğu, sporcunun stres kaynağı üzerindeki kontrol algısı, başa çıkma kaynakları gibi faktörler sporcunun stres yaşantısını etkilemektedir. Performans sporunda stresi ile başa çıkmak için bu değişkenleri anlayabilmek gereklidir.
Stress in Professional Athletes
Sports which inculde competition and in which the aim is to win and to pass beyond existing performance are called performance sports or elite sports. The competitive and demanding nature of performance sport causes athletes to experience stressful events. It is observed that sources that lead to stress in professional athletes can be categorized as performance stressors and organizational stressors. Injuries, expectations, unrealistic goals, making mistakes in competition, referee calls, insufficient preparation, self and other comparison, fatigue are the important stressors which have an impact on performance. However, organizational stressors are mostly bigger problem for athletes. Factors like relationships with coaches, fear of being dismissed after lack of success, uncertainity of carreer, considering that selection process is unfair, lack of support, and communication problems related to organizational culture are organizational stressors. Athletes appraise stressors differently in terms of their ages, level of experience, sport types, social support. Stress experience of an athlete ise affected by the factors such as how the stressor is appraised by an athlete, intensity of feeling created by stressor, perceived control over situation. These variables have to be understood for coping with stress effectively.

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