Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2011; Cilt: 14; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2011;14(2):103-114
Mükemmeli Ararken: Bir İç Dünya Araştırması
N Taşkıntuna, G Özçürümez
Başkent Üniv. Tıp Fak. Psikiyatri ABD
Amaç: Kohut, kendilik psikolojisi kuramını geliştirirken
Freud'a ve klasik psikanalize en temel eleştirisi kavramların
biyolojik fikirlere dayalı oluşudur. Freud'un
Darwin'den esinlenerek ortaya koyduğu ikili dürtü
kuramında, saldırganlık içgüdüsel ve doğuştan gelen bir
dürtü olarak bireyi korur, cinsel dürtü ise türün devamı
için şarttır türü korur. Kohut'a göre ise saldırganlık narsisistik
yaralanmaya verilen duygusal bir tepkidir, dürtü
değildir, kendi başına bir olgudan çok yaralanmanın
belirtisidir. Saldırıya uğrama korkusuyla hayatı neredeyse
felç olmuş, dışa vuran davranışlarında dikkati çeken
ancak kendisinin hiç farkında olmadığı saldırganlığı göz
önüne alınarak seçilen Bayan A'yı kendilik psikolojisi
açısından değerlendirirken iki kuram arasındaki bu temel
farkı anımsamak önemlidir. Bu makalede, kendilik
psikolojisi kuramı ışığında gerçekleştirilen bir iç dünya
araştırması sunulmuştur. Yöntem: İlk yıl haftada bir kez
50 dakikalık seanslar olarak gerçekleştirilen psikanalitik
yönelimli psikoterapi görüşmeleri son iki yıldır haftada
ikiye çıkartılmış olup tedavi süreci devam etmektedir.
Bulgular: Bayan A'nın belirgin ambivalansı, bir türlü
sahip olduklarını beğenmemesi, bir yandan idealini elde
etmek için sürekli uğraşması diğer yandan amacına
ulaştığı anda ürküp bırakması; en azından bir süreliğine
tatmin olmanın hazzını ve huzurunu yaşayamaması ve
çocukken annesinin sık sık belirsiz sürelerle evden ayrılması
Kohut'un kendilik nesnesi kavramıyla değerlendirilmiştir.
Sonuç: Büyüme serüveninde çocuk, ancak
narsisistik gereksinimleri kendilik nesneleri tarafından
optimal biçimde karşılandığı zaman erişkin yaşamında
patolojik narsisizmden korunabilir. Aksi takdirde kendilik,
bütünleşmemiş ve hasarlı olacaktır.
Seeking for the Perfect: A Research of the Internal World
Objectives: The basic criticism Kohut made to classical
psychoanalysis while developing his self psychology theory
is that the concepts formed by Freud were based on
biological ideas. In Freud's dual drive theory inspired by
Darwin, aggression protects individual as an instinctive
and inborn drive. According to Kohut, aggression is not
a drive but an emotional response to narcissistic injury. It
is a symptom of injury rather than a phenomenon itself.
It is important to remember this fundamental difference
between the two theories while approaching Ms A in
terms of self psychology, particularly considering her life
being paralyzed by the fear of being attacked as well as
her aggression expressed by her behaviors but not
acknowledged by herself. Our aim is to present a
research of the internal world in-light of self psychology
theory. Method: The psychoanalytic psychotherapy is
executed on once a week basis for 50 minute sessions
during the first [year] of therapy, followed by twice a week
sessions for the last two [year]s. The treatment is still in
progress. Results: The obvious ambivalence of Ms A, her
dissatisfaction with what she already has, her constant
pursuit for perfection until she is frightened by achievement
and abandons it, her being unable to experience
the pleasure and peace of satisfaction for at least a while
and the fact that when she was a child, her mother often
left home for undetermined periods of time had been
evaluated through Kohut's selfobject concept.
Conclusion: Only when the needs of the child is optimally
met by her selfobjects, she can be protected from
pathological narcissism in her adult life. Otherwise, the
self will be damaged and lack coherence.

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