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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 12; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2011;12(3):204-211
Lise öğrencilerinde depresyon ve davranış sorunlarının yaygınlığı
DB Öztop, A Öztürk, D Ünalan, M Mazıcıoğlu, E Balcı, İ Gün
Erciyes Üniv. Tıp Fak. , Kayseri
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ergenlerde depresif belirtilerin yaygınlığını belirlemek, saldırganlık ve suça yönelik davranışların varlığını ortaya koymak, etkileyen değişkenleri ve risk etkenlerini saptamaktır. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, Ocak-Şubat 2005 tarihlerinde Kayseri ilinde yapıldı. Tabakalı rasgele örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen altı liseden basit rasgele örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 2217 öğrenci örneklemi oluşturdu. Veri toplama aracı olarak Zung Depresyon Ölçeği (ZDÖ) ile araştırmacılar tarafından öğrencilerin demografik, sosyokültürel özelliklerini ve davranış bozukluklarını belirlemeye yönelik olarak oluşturulan bir anket formu kullanıldı. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin ZDÖ puan ortalaması 49.2±8.6 olup %9.5'i nin orta şiddette, %1.3'ü nün şiddetli düzeyde depresyon puanına sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Kız öğrencilerin, gelir düzeyi-babasının eğitim düzeyi-okul başarısı düşük olanların, üzerinde kesici alet taşıyanların, okul dışındaki arkadaşları arasında disiplin sorunu yaşayanların, okulda disiplin sorunu yaşayan, eşyalara zarar veren öğrencilerin 50 ZDÖ puanları anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). ZDÖ'nin 50 olma durumunu en önemli açıklayan risk etkenlerinin cinsiyet, gelir düzeyi, babanın eğitim düzeyi, üzerinde kesici alet taşıma olduğu belirlenmiştir. Pearson korelasyon analizi sonucunda yaş (r=0.32, p<0.021), erkek cinsiyet (r=0.06, p=0.013) ve kız kardeş sayısı (r=0.09, p<0.001) ile ZDÖ puanları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı, ancak zayıf bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Öğrencilerin depresyon puanları düşük bulunmuştur. Lise öğrencilerinde cinsiyet, annenin ve babanın eğitim düzeyi, gelir durumu, okul idaresi ve polise yansıyan kavga durumu, okul arkadaşlarından kesici alet ve silah taşıma durumunun depresyon puanlarının yükselmesinde rol oynayan önemli etkenler olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
The prevalence of depression and behavioral problems in the high school students
Objective: The aim of this research is not only to determine the prevalence of depression symptoms among the adolescents but also to present the existence of aggression and criminal behaviors and to identify the operating variables and risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at January-February 2005 in Kayseri. 2217 students selected through simple random sampling from six high schools selected by means of stratified random sampling were included in the sample group. As data-collecting devices, Zung Depression Inventory (ZDI) and a questionnaire developed by the researchers to determine the demographical, socio-cultural characteristics of the students and their behavior disorders were applied. Results: The average of ZDI scores of the students were 49.2±8.6 and it was seen that 9.5% have medium depression, and 1.3% have severe It was seen that ZDI scores of the female students, of those with low incomes, low academic success and whose fathers have low educational levels, and of those who have a hack on, of those having disciplinal problems with their friends outside school and those having disciplinal problems inside their school and of the students who inflict damages to properties are 50 (p<0.05). The most important illustrative risk factors of getting ZDI scores 50 are gender, the education level of the father, having a hack on, carrying a gun on. As a result of the application of Pearson correlation analyses, a positive correlation between age (r=0.32, p=0.021), male sex (r=0.06, p=0.013) and the number of sisters (r=0.09, p<0.001), and ZDI scores has been found. Conclusions: The scores of depression of the students were found to be low. We thought that gender, educational levels of parents, income level, a case of a fight that has been informed to the police and school administration and the school mates having a hack or gun on could be important factors to decrease the scores of depression.

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