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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 12; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2011;12(3):198-203
Lityum zehirlenmeleri: Kan lityum düzeyi yol gösterici mi?
NÇ Oray, A Arıcı, S Yanturalı, Ş Kalkan, Y Tunçok
Dokuz Eylül Üniv. Tıp Fak., İzmir
Amaç: Çalışmamızda Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi (DEÜTF) Acil Servisi'ne lityum zehirlenmesi nedeni ile başvuran hastaların lityum düzeylerinin klinik bulgular ve tedavi seçimi konusunda yol göstericiliğini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Ocak 1993-Ocak 2010 arasında DEÜTF Acil Servisi'ne başvuran lityum zehirlenme olgularının dağılımı, epidemiyolojik özellikleri, klinik bulguları, uygulanan tedavi yöntemleri ve hastanede kalış süreleri geriye dönük dosya taraması yapılarak araştırıldı. Bulgular: Lityum zehirlenmesi tanısı konan 18 hastanın yaş ortalaması 34.6±18.2, kadın/erkek oranı 2.6 idi. Zehirlenme nedenleri özkıyım girişimi (%50.0), aşırı dozda kullanım (%22.2), kaza (%5.6) ve bilinmeyen nedenlerdi (%11.1). Hastaların sekizi (%44.4) yalnız lityuma, 10'u (%55.6) çoklu ilaca maruz kalmıştı. Zehirlenmelerin yedisi (%38.9) kronik, beşi (%27.8) akut zehirlenmeler olup, 40 yaşından küçüklerde özkıyım girişimi daha sıktı (2=8.42, p=0.001). Kronik zehirlenme olan hastaların tümü 40 yaşından büyüktü. Hastaların sekizinde (%44.4) EKG'de özgül olmayan ST-T değişikliği vardı. Olguların 14'ü nde (%77.8) serum lityum düzeyleri toksik sınırlardaydı. Hastaların beşine (%27.8) mide yıkama (MY) ve destek tedavi, ikisine (%11.1) MY, aktif kömür ve destek tedavi, üçüne (%16.7) hemodiyaliz ve destek tedavi, dokuzuna (%50.0) yalnız destek tedavi uygulandı. Hastaların 14'ü (%77.8) acil serviste gözlem sonrası taburcu oldu. Çoklu ilaç kullanan 52 yaşındaki bir erkek hasta hemodiyaliz ve yoğun bakım desteğine karşın izlemede öldü. Sonuç: Serum lityum düzeyleri ile klinik bulgular arasında her zaman anlamlı ilişki yoktur. Ancak yaşlı kronik lityum zehirlenmelerinde daha sık nörolojik belirti ve bulgu gözlenmektedir. Ek hastalıklar, çoklu ilaç kullanımı ve böbrek işlev bozukluğunun varlığında serum düzeyinin yanı sıra klinik belirti ve bulgular dikkate alınarak tedavi düzenlenmelidir.
Lithium poisoning: Is the lithium level a guide?
Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the lithium levels relation with clinical findings and treatment selection in lithium poisonings that were admitted to Department of Emergency Medicine in Dokuz Eylul University Hospital (EMDEU). Methods: The lithium poisoning cases distribution, epidemiologic characteristics, clinical findings, methods of management, length of hospital stay admitted to EMDEU between January 1993 and January 2010 scanned retrospectively from the patient charts. Results: The mean age of the 18 patients diagnosed by lithium poisoning was 34.6±18.2, female/ male ratio was 2.6. Suicide (50.0%), overdose use (22.2%), accidental (5.6%) and the unknown exposures (11.1%) were the reasons of poisonings. Of the eight patients (38.9%) were exposed only lithium, 10 (55.6%) of them were exposed multidrug. The 38.9% (n=7) of the poisoning were chronic, 27.8% (n=5) of them were acute poisonings. Suicide was common under 40 [year]s (2=8.42, p=0.001). The admission reason in all of patients older than 40 [year]s was chronic poisoning. There were non spesific ST-T alterations in 8 patients (44.4%). Lithium levels were toxic in 14 patients (77.8%). The treatments were gastric lavage (GL) and supportive treatment in five patients (27.8%), GL and activated charcoal in two patients (11.1%), hemodialysis and supportive treatment in three patients (16.7%) and only supportive treatment in nine patients (50.0%). Fourteen patients (77.8%) were discharged after observation in emergency service. Although the treatment with hemodialysis and supportive treatment in intensive care, 52 [year]s old man was died. Conclusion: There isn?t significant interaction between the lithium levels and clinical findings in every lithium poisoning cases. But older patients have chronic lithium poisonings show frequent neurologic symptoms. Treatment must arrange according to clinical findings besides lithium levels in existence of multidrug use, other diseases and renal function disorders.

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