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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2011;4(2):8-13
Şiddetin Psikolojisi
B Yılmaz
Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi, Ankara
Bir başka canlıya zarar vermek amacıyla kasıtlı olarak güç kullanmayı içeren eylemler şiddet olarak nitelenir. Şiddet, bireyin düşünce, tutum ve davranışlarıyla ilişkili çok boyutlu bir olgudur. Şiddetin ortaya çıkışında biyolojik, sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik, politik ve psikolojik etmenler rol oynar. İçinde bulunulan tarihsel döneme ve toplumsal yapıya bağlı olarak oranı değişse de, şiddet eylemleri insanlar üzerinde her zaman önemli olumsuz etkiler yaratır. Şiddetin gelişimini ve sürmesini anlamaya yönelik çok sayıda kuram ve model geliştirilmiştir. Bu yazıda, şiddet davranışının engellenme sonucu ortaya çıktığını varsayan engellenme-saldırganlık hipotezi; saldırganlığı içgüdülerle açıklayan psikanalitik kuram ve şiddetin model alma yoluyla öğrenildiğini öne süren ve yapısal etmenlerin rolünü vurgulayan sosyal öğrenme kuramları ele alınmaktadır. Ardından, şiddetle ilişkili erken dönem yaşantıları olarak çocuk yetiştirme tarzları ve çocukluk dönemi örselenme yaşantıları ve şiddetin evrimsel kökenlerini psikolojik süreçlerle birleştiren açıklamalara değinilmektedir.
Psychology of Violence
Violence refers to the intentional use of physical force to cause harm to another. It is a multidimensional matter associated with individual thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors. Several factors can influence the occurrence of violence including biological, social, cultural, economic, political, and psychological factors. The frequency of violence may vary in different historical periods and in different segments of the population. However, it takes a major toll on community. A variety of theories and models on the aetiology of violence have been presented. In this article, frustration-aggression hypothesis, psychoanalytic theory, and social learning theories of violence are reviewed. In addition, parental rearing styles and childhood traumatic experiences as the early variables associated with violent behavior and explanations on evolutionary psychology of violence are discussed.

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